People v. Bowen

• Decision Date: 23 August 1977
• Docket Number: Docket Nos. 26199,25289,25347 and 25758
• Citation: 77 Mich.App. 684,259 N.W.2d 189
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Ivie BOWEN, William Henry Irby, Tyrone Peters, LaMarr M. Leatherwood a/k/a Darryl Leatherwood, Defendants-Appellants. 77 Mich.App. 684, 259 N.W.2d 189
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 189

259 N.W.2d 189

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Ivie BOWEN, William Henry Irby, Tyrone Peters, LaMarr M Leatherwood a/k/a Darryl Leatherwood Defendants-Appellants.

Docket Nos. 26199, 25289, 25347 and 25758.

77 Mich.App. 684, 259 N.W.2d 189

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Aug. 23, 1977.

Released for Publication Nov. 14, 1977.

[77 MICHAPP 685] Richard L. Ruby, Southfield, for Ivie Bowen.

Carl Ziemba, Detroit, for Wm. Irby.

[77 MICHAPP 686] George C. Dovas, Birmingham, for Tyrone Peters.

Richard R. Nelson, Detroit, for Leatherwood.

[77 MICHAPP 685] Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Robert A. Derengoski, Sol. Gen., William L. Cahalan, Pros. Atty., Edward R. Wilson, Appellate Chief Asst. Pros. Atty., Larry L. Roberts, Asst. Pros. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.

Before J. H. GILLIS, P. J., and V. J. BRENNAN and ROBINSON, ^* JJ.

PER CURIAM.

The four defendants were all convicted of three counts of first-degree felony murder by a jury on April 16, 1975. M.C.L.A. § 750.316; M.S.A. § 28.548. They appeal as of right.

The most troublesome issue of several raised by defendants concerns part of the trial court's instructions to the jury:

"Now members of the jury the time has come for the Court to give you this case for your careful consideration. All participants in a criminal case have rights. I have told you the defendants have a right to a fair and impartial trial. You said that you could give them a fair and impartial trial.

"The Biondos had rights, too. They had a right to pursue happiness and a right to live, and these rights must be balanced. All persons have inalienable rights, the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. And in a criminal case both sides have rights, not just the defendants. The victims have rights, too. You should consider those rights. And I so instruct you to do that."

Defense counsel objected to this charge in a timely manner.

While we question this type of comment by a trial judge during jury instructions, we do not find that this particular comment requires reversal.

A trial judge's comment in the course of instructing the jury amounts to reversible error if the judge "charged for conviction". People v. [77 MICHAPP 687] Brown, 43 Mich.App. 170, 204 N.W.2d 72, 74 (1972), People v. Wichman, 15 Mich.App. 110, 166 N.W.2d 298 (1968). ¹

In People v. Brown, supra, the following instruction was held to amount to a "charge for conviction":

"In doing so, you will weigh, analyze the respective theories of each side, and in fact, if you find that the defendant did assault Emmett Evans on this date and this occasion, then you will convict him. Disregarding any sympathy you may have for his cause or for the defendant himself because he does have a physical affliction. Because in a larger sense, this is not the case of the People of the State of Michigan on behalf of Emmett Evans, it is the peace and dignity of the peace of the people of the State of Michigan for whom you represent (sic) that is making the charges here today. For we are in difficult times in this country. We are now in a situation where we are going to have the rule of law or the rule of the mob. Because if you have listened to this testimony and if an assault did take place, this man was not assaulted because he was Emmett Evans, he was not assaulted because he was a wrestling instructor at Wayne University. He was assaulted, if one took place, because someone thought he was a pig. The proper vernacular these days for a policeman."

In effect, the trial judge charged the jury that they should convict the defendant for the sake of law and order, not on the basis of the evidence before them.

In contrast to the instruction in Brown, the instruction in the instant case did not tell the jury [77 MICHAPP 688] that they should convict defendants regardless of the evidence.

The trial judge here apparently tried to state that there are conflicting rights, the rights of defendants to a fair trial and the right of the state to a conviction if the evidence warrants it. I. e., the victims' "rights" include a right to a conviction of those persons proved beyond a reasonable doubt to have committed murder. The judge did not just stress the victims' rights, but told the jury to "balance" the rights of each side. This comment did not amount to a "charge for conviction".

Defendants next contend that a prosecution witness was incompetent and that the trial court should have stricken his testimony. However, the record shows no abuse of discretion by the trial judge in allowing the witness to testify. See People v. Atcher, 65 Mich.App. 734, 238 N.W.2d 389 (1975).

Likewise, the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in excusing the nonproduction of a res gestae witness. There was ample evidence in the record of the prosecution's due diligence in trying to locate the witness. See People v. Blacksmith, 66 Mich.App. 216, 238 N.W.2d 810 (1975).

The trial judge did not err in refusing to allow impeachment of a prosecution witness with a misdemeanor conviction. People v. Renno, 392 Mich. 45, 219 N.W.2d 422 (1974), has been interpreted to prohibit the impeachment of prosecution witnesses with misdemeanor convictions. In People v. Alphus Harris, 56 Mich.App. 517, 528, 224 N.W.2d 680, 685 (1974), this Court stated:

"The Michigan Supreme Court has limited such impeachment to convictions of felonies in People v. Renno, 392 Mich. 45, 55, 219 N.W.2d 422, 425 (1974), which said:

" 'We do not hesitate in this case to prohibit the further use of municipal ordinance or misdemeanor [77 MICHAPP 689] convictions used by the prosecution solely for impeachment purposes.'

"Presumably this applies to any witness and not only to a defendant, and bars such questions by defense counsel as well as by the prosecutor, but we do not think the rule will apply to civil cases which are governed by GCR 1963, 607." (Emphasis in original.)

Thus, the trial judge correctly ruled that misdemeanor convictions were inadmissible for impeachment of the witness. ²

The trial court also did not err in allowing the prosecutor, on redirect examination, to inquire into a hearsay statement deliberately elicited by defense counsel on cross-examination. A witness should be allowed to explain an answer elicited on cross-examination. Carreras v. Honeggers & Co., Inc., 68 Mich.App. 716, 244 N.W.2d 10 (1976).

Defendant's contention that a pretrial examination procedure was unduly suggestive is not preserved for appeal where defense counsel knew of [77 MICHAPP 690] the circumstances alleged to have been improper, but raises that issue for the first time on appeal. People v. Flippo, 70 Mich.App. 652, 247 N.W.2d 321 (1976).

During the prosecutor's closing argument, he stated: "And William Irby has the audacity to get on the stand, under oath, and tell you that he was not there." This statement is objected to for the first time on appeal; no curative instruction was requested. Without necessarily endorsing this type of argument, or finding it improper, we find that any possible prejudice could have been cured by timely objection and a proper instruction. Therefore,...