People v. Burden

• Decision Date: 24 April 1985
• Docket Number: Docket No. 76681
• Citation: People v. Burden, 141 Mich.App. 160, 366 N.W.2d 23 (Mich. App. 1985)
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jimmy BURDEN, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan

Page 23

366 N.W.2d 23

141 Mich.App. 160

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jimmy BURDEN, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 76681.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Dec. 17, 1984.

Decided Jan. 25, 1985.

Released for Publication April 24, 1985.

Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Louis J. Caruso, Sol. Gen., John D. O'Hair, Pros. Atty., Edward Reilly Wilson, Deputy Chief, Asst. Pros. Atty., and Rosemary A. Gordon, Asst. Pros. Atty., for the people.

Samuel W. Barr, Troy, for defendant-appellant on appeal.

Before V.J. BRENNAN, P.J., and CYNAR and SIMON, ^* JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Defendant was convicted of two counts of armed robbery, M.C.L. Sec. 750.529; M.S.A. Sec. 28.797, after a jury trial in September, 1983. Defendant was sentenced to concurrent prison terms of 60 to 100 years, with a recommendation of no parole. Defendant appeals to this Court as of right.

Defendant's first claim is that the trial court erred in finding the defendant competent to represent himself. A criminal defendant's right to proceed in pro per is guaranteed by the Michigan Const.1963, art. 1, Sec. 13 and by M.C.L. Sec. 763.1; M.S.A. Sec. 28.854. The right to self-representation is implicitly guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975). However, this right is not absolute. In People v. Anderson, 398 Mich. 361, 367-368, 247 N.W.2d 857 (1976), the Court listed three requirements to be considered when a defendant asks to proceed in pro per: (1) the request must be unequivocal; (2) the defendant must act knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily; and (3) defendant's self-representation will not disrupt, unduly inconvenience and burden the court and the administration of the court's business.

The first and third requirements were clearly met in this case. The issue is whether defendant's waiver was knowing, intelligent and voluntary. The defendant must be aware of the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation. The record should show that he knows what he is doing and that his choice was a fully informed one. People v. Holcomb, 395 Mich. 326, 337, 235 N.W.2d 343 (1975); Faretta v. California, supra. There are no exact guidelines regarding what warnings should be given to a defendant who wishes to proceed in pro per. In this case, after prompting by the prosecutor, the judge asked the defendant if he understood the charges and possible penalties, if he still wanted to represent himself and whether he wanted the assistance of standby counsel. The trial judge commented on the defendant's ability to conduct his own defense stating:

"[Defendant,] to me, is an intelligent man and he speaks very eloquently and he seems to know what he's doing as far as this Court is concerned. He might not think exactly the way we think about handling something, but he knows what he is doing as far as I'm concerned and I don't think there's anything wrong with him mentally. I think he's a sharp intelligent individual * * * "

Furthermore, we note that the trial court complied with GCR 1963, 785.4(3) by informing the defendant of his right to counsel at no cost to himself. The record clearly reflects it was defendant's choice to proceed in pro per.

The choice was unequivocally made by defendant against the advice of the court and able trial counsel. Defendant was assisted by appointed counsel acting in a standby capacity. We find no error in the trial court's decision to allow defendant to proceed in pro per.

Defendant also claims that errors he made in the course of his self-representation deprived him of effective assistance of counsel. This argument is foreclosed to defendant. In Faretta, supra, the United States Supreme Court stated:

"The right of self-representation is not a license to abuse the dignity of the courtroom. Neither is it a license not to comply with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law. Thus, whatever else may or may not be open to him on appeal, a defendant who elects to represent himself cannot thereafter complain that the quality of his own defense amounted to a denial of 'effective assistance of counsel'." Faretta, 422 U.S. 835, fn. 46, 95 S.Ct. 2525, fn. 46.

Defendant also claims that the trial judge erred by not instructing sua sponte on lesser-included offenses. Defendant specifically declined such instructions even though standby counsel urged him to request them. Defendant relies on People v. Jenkins, 395 Mich. 440, 236 N.W.2d 503 (1975), which held that the trial court must instruct a jury on the lesser-included offense of second-degree murder in cases where the defendant is charged with first-degree murder. This is the only exception to the rule requiring that a request must be made for instructions on lesser-included offenses. People v. Kamin, 405 Mich. 482, 493, fn. 1, 275 N.W.2d 777 (1979); People v. Stephens, 416 Mich. 252, 261, 330 N.W.2d 675 (1982). Reviewing courts in this state have expressly declined to expand the Jenkins rule to include other offenses. People v. Johnson, 409 Mich. 552, 562, 297 N.W.2d 115 (1980); People v. Casey, 120 Mich.App. 690, 697, 327 N.W.2d 337 (1982). The trial court did not err by not instructing on lesser-included offenses on its own motion.

Finally, defendant claims that there was no evidence that he was armed and the jury was improperly instructed on the "armed" element of armed robbery. The complainant testified that defendant held his hand in his pocket in such a way that it was believed that he had a gun. A number of cases have held that a concealed hand, held in such a manner as to resemble a pistol, may satisfy the "armed" element of armed robbery. People v. Jury, 3 Mich.App. 427, 142 N.W.2d 910 (1966); People v. Washington, 4 Mich.App. 453, 455-456, 145...