People v. Carter, Gen. Nos. 54117

• Citation: 270 N.E.2d 603,132 Ill.App.2d 572
• Decision Date: 08 April 1971
• Docket Number: 54511,Gen. Nos. 54117
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James CARTER, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 603

270 N.E.2d 603

132 Ill.App.2d 572

PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James CARTER, Defendant-Appellant.

Gen. Nos. 54117, 54511.

Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, Fifth Division.

April 8, 1971.

Gerald W. Getty, Public Defender of Cook County, Chicago, for defendant-appellant; Lee T. Hettinger and James J. Doherty, Asst. Public Defenders, of counsel.

Edward V. Hanrahan, State's Atty., County of Cook Chicago, for plaintiff-appellee; Robert A. Novelle and Anthony Montemurro, Asst. State's Attys., of counsel.

DRUCKER, Justice.

Defendant and co-defendant, Ernest Ramey, were charged with armed robbery, attempted rape and aggravated battery. After a joint jury trial both were convicted of each offense. Judgment was entered and they were sentenced to concurrent terms of twenty to forty years for armed robbery, five to ten years for attempted rape and eight to ten years for aggravated battery.

Ramey's conviction was affirmed in People v. Ramey, 115 Ill.App.2d 431, 253 N.E.2d 688. ^* On appeal defendant contends (1) that the trial court erroneously denied his motion to suppress illegally seized evidence; (2) that his pretrial identification was so unnecessarily suggestive as to deny him due process of law; and (3) that he was not proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

The trial testimony may be summarized. On March 11, 1967, a man in a policeman's uniform came to the door of 2229 West Campbell Park in Chicago. Mrs. Florence Malone (hereinafter 'Florence') and her daughter Rita were home. Mrs. Marie DeVito, another daughter, was also with them. When Rita answered the door the man inquired about a hit and run accident. After receiving answers the man drove away in an old car which was white on top and dark on the bottom. (This man was identified as Ernest Ramey on March 19, 1967, by Florence and Rita.)

On March 14, 1967, at approximately 8:00 P.M., Ramey, again dressed in a policeman's uniform, came to the Malone home. He inquired about the For Sale sign in front of the home. Florence showed Ramey the first floor and Rita showed him the second floor. As Rita was showing Ramey some of the rooms the doorbell rang again. Ramey said that it was his brother who was also interested in the home. The second man was let in and Rita showed him the second floor. A short time later Ramey drew a gun and announced a stick-up. At first the women said that they had no money, but then Rita said she had some upstairs. The second man accompanied her upstairs where she gave him some money. Rita identified this man as the defendant. Defendant tried to push Rita towards a bed but she broke away and ran to the stairs. Defendant kicked her in the back and she fell down the stairs. She was then kicked and beaten over the head. Defendant then tore off some of her clothes and attempted to rape her. Rita was tied, gagged and dragged across the room. In the meantime Ramey had knocked Florence unconscious. The house was ransacked. The two men left, taking some money, pieces of costume jewelry, a Zenith 25-inch color television set and a Grundig-Majestic stereo record player.

Florence managed to call for help after the men left. The police crime and the two women were taken to Mother Cabrini Hospital where they remained for three and one-half weeks. As a result of the occurrence Rita sustained a broken arm in six places, a fractured nose in three places, and contusions and bruises which required twenty-six stitches. Florence received fractured ribs, stitches in the head, and she was black and blue.

The day after the occurrence the women were interviewed by the police. Rita and Florence gave them descriptions of the assailants and later identified Ramey from a photograph. He was arrested and the police learned the name and address of defendant from Ramey, Ramey's brother Irving, and Remey's mother. The police went to defendant's home and were admitted to the premises. In the front room the officers observed a Zenith color television set and a Grundig-Majestic stereo which they seized. Defendant was not at home. Defendant's sister Gloria accompanied the police and she pointed out the defendant as he was walking down the street with his fiancee, and he was arrested.

Later in the afternoon of March 19 the police took Ramey and defendant to Mother Cabrini Hospital. One of the police officers went into the Malones' room alone for a few minutes and then Ramey and defendant were brought into the room at the same time. Rita and Florence identified them as the assailants, and Rita testified, 'There is no doubt in my mind. Never was.'

Defendant testified in his own behalf. He stated that he had nothing to do with the robbery. He said that Ramey and two other men asked him on Thursday prior to his arrest if he wanted to buy a color television and a stereo for $800. He was working at Gateway Erectors as a welder earning $2.33 an hour and he was planning to get married in May and had saved some money. He told Ramey that he would buy the television and stereo but that all he had was $300 at the time.

Defendant's fiancee, Victoria Rodgers, testified that she was with defendant the evening Ramey came over to the house. At defendant's request she gave him the $350 they had and later that evening he showed her the television and stereo he had purchased from Ramey. Mrs. Catherine Carter, defendant's mother, testified that her son told her that he was buying the set with the money he was saving up for the wedding. She knew he had $400 to get married on.

Ramey testified that defendant had been an associate of his 'for a year and half or so.'

The jury returned verdicts of guilty as to Ramey and defendant on all charges.

Opinion

Defendant contends that the trial court erroneously denied his motion to suppress illegally seized evidence. The testimony presented at the hearing on the motion may be summarized. On March 19, 1967, at approximately 11:30 A.M., the police arrested Ernest Ramey as one of the Malones' assailants. Ramey's brother Irving accompanied the police to the station house. The police described a car allegedly used by Ramey on March 11 and March 14 and Irving stated that the car was similar to one he had seen before. The police then showed Irving a photograph found on Ramey which Irving identified as a friend of Ramey. Irving had seen this person pick up Ramey in the car described by the police. Irving called his mother and she said the man in the photograph was James Carter. Two officers testified that Ramey's mother pointed out defendant's home to them. Irene Ramey denied that she ever helped the police.

At approximately 12:00 noon the police knocked at the door of defendant's home. A female answered; the police identified themselves and asked if defendant was home; she opened the door and replied, 'No'; she walked to the dining room and the police followed; and the police again stated that they were looking for defendant. One of the police officers testified that Mrs. Carter answered the door and that they were invited in. However, Gloria Carter, defendant's sister, testified that she answered the door and that the police pushed past her into the apartment.

Once inside the apartment the police observed a Zenith 25-inch color television and Grundig-Majestic stereo set in open view in the living room. These items were seized by the police. Defendant was not at home. The police officers testified that they did not ransack the apartment. The police did not have a warrant for defendant's arrest nor a warrant to search the apartment.

Gloria and Mrs. Carter told the police that the defendant was with his fiancee at her home. Mrs. Carter sent Gloria with the police to point out defendant's fiancee's address. Gloria pointed out defendant as he was walking down the street with his fiancee a short distance from his home. At 12:15 P.M. defendant was arrested.

Defendant argues that the police did not have probable cause to enter his home and seize the television set and stereo record player. He claims that the police violated his Fourth and Fouteenth Amendment rights when they seized these articles. In People v. Barbee, 35 Ill.2d 407, 220 N.E.2d 401, defendant contended that the trial court erroneously overruled his motion to suppress evidence concerning a stolen automobile which was seized from his garage without a valid search warrant. At the hearing on defendant's motion to suppress the State conceded that the warrant that had been secured was defective. However, the trial court nevertheless found that the conduct of the officers was reasonable and did not violate defendant's constitutional rights. On appeal the Supreme Court agreed with the trial court's conclusion. The court stated at page 411, 220 N.E.2d at page 403:

A police officer may arrest without a warrant 'when a criminal offense has in fact been committed, and he has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed it.' (Ill.Rev.Stat.1961, chap. 38, par. 657; cf. Ill.Rev.Stat.1965, chap. 38, par. 107--2.) And when an officer is authorized to make an arrest, he is also authorized 'to break open a door or window of any building in which the person to be arrested is or is reasonably believed to be, if he is refused admittance after he has announced his authority and purpose.' (Code of Crim.Proc., Am.Law Inst. Official Draft (1930) sec. 28; see Ill.Rev.Stat.1965, chap. 38, par. 107--5(d), which became effective Jan. 1, 1964.) It is of course true that in the present case the officers who entered Barbee's home made no arrest. But this circumstance can not be significant. Just as 'a search is not to be made legal by what it turns up,' (United States v. Di Re, 332 U.S. 581, 595, 68 S.Ct. 222, 92 L.Ed. 210,) so the legality of the conduct of the officers in this case is to be determined upon an appraisal of the situation that confronted them, and not upon the success or lack of success of their efforts.

The situation...