People v. Christie

• Decision Date: 25 July 1994
• Docket Number: Docket No. 150313
• Citation: 520 N.W.2d 647,206 Mich.App. 304
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Robert David CHRISTIE, Defendant-Appellee (ON REMAND).
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 647

520 N.W.2d 647

206 Mich.App. 304

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Robert David CHRISTIE, Defendant-Appellee (ON REMAND).

Docket No. 150313 Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Jan. 13, 1994, at Lansing.

Decided April 13, 1994.

Approved for Publication

July 25, 1994, at 9:10 a.m.

Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Thomas L. Casey, Sol. Gen., Richard Thompson, Pros. Atty., Michael J. Modelski, Chief, Appellate Div., and John S. Pallas, Asst. Pros. Atty., for the People.

Terrance E. Klump, South Lyon, for defendant.

Before WEAVER, P.J., and SHEPHERD and JOHNSTON, III, ^* JJ.

ON REMAND

PER CURIAM.

This case has been remanded to us from the Supreme Court 439 Mich. 964, 483 N.W.2d 357 for consideration as on leave granted. ¹ In this appeal, the prosecutor argues that the circuit court erred in affirming the decision of the district court to dismiss OUIL charges ² against defendant. The district court dismissed the case after finding that the police officer's stop of defendant's vehicle was unreasonable. We agree with the prosecutor's position that the stop was reasonable, and reverse and remand for further proceedings.

The prosecution developed the following evidence at the bench trial in the district court. On February 10, 1990, at approximately 10:30 p.m., Deputy Morgan of the Oakland County Sheriff's Department observed defendant's vehicle traveling west on Richardson Road in Commerce Township. Morgan recalled that he was in uniform in a fully marked patrol car at the time. Morgan followed defendant's vehicle for approximately one-half mile, and observed defendant's vehicle "drifting like to the right and left and driving on the lane markers." Morgan testified that the weather was dry and there was no ice or rain on the paved road.

At some point, defendant activated his left turn signal, traveling past numerous driveways and one side street before turning south at Newton Road. Morgan estimated that defendant had activated his turn signal approximately two-tenths of a mile before finally turning. Morgan followed defendant onto Newton Road and activated his overhead lights, and defendant pulled his vehicle over to the side of the road. Morgan testified that he stopped defendant to investigate defendant's extended use of his turn signal.

When Morgan asked defendant for his driver's license and vehicle registration, he immediately noticed a "very strong odor of alcohol or intoxicants coming out of the vehicle and from [defendant's] breath." Morgan recalled asking defendant why he had his turn signal on for so long, but could not remember defendant's answer. Next, Morgan asked defendant whether he had been drinking. Defendant replied that he had consumed a few beers. Morgan recalled that when defendant answered, his speech was slow and slurred. After defendant had some difficulty performing various field sobriety tests, he was arrested for OUIL.

The prosecution presented the foregoing testimony by Deputy Morgan at the bench trial in the district court. The prosecution also presented testimony by Deputy Scott, who had arrived on the scene while Morgan was administering the field sobriety tests. Scott's testimony confirmed much of Morgan's testimony. In particular, Scott confirmed defendant's difficulty with the field sobriety tests.

After presenting these two witnesses, the prosecution rested its case. Then, defendant moved for dismissal, arguing that the prosecution had presented insufficient evidence and that the police stop was unreasonable. The trial court then instructed the parties to submit briefs regarding the reasonableness of the police stop. At the close of a subsequent hearing concerning the matter, the district court ruled that the police stop was unreasonable and dismissed the charges against defendant. The circuit court affirmed the decision of the district court by an order dated July 9, 1991.

On appeal, we must first define the scope of our review. Our interpretation of the record is that the district court essentially dismissed the case on the basis of insufficient evidence. However, the district court's implicit finding of insufficient evidence was based on its decision that the evidence from the stop was obtained illegally. Accordingly, the prosecution has limited its argument on appeal to the issue of the reasonableness of the police stop. Defendant's response is similarly focused on the reasonableness of the stop, but also includes a general argument contesting the sufficiency of the evidence. Herein, we limit our review to the question whether the district court could properly consider the evidence obtained during the police stop. On this question, the decision of the district court must be affirmed unless clearly erroneous, i.e., unless this Court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. People v. Burrell, 417 Mich. 439, 448, 339 N.W.2d 403 (1983).

It is well established that brief investigative stops short of arrest are permitted where police officers have a reasonable suspicion of ongoing criminal activity. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968); People v. Faucett, 442 Mich. 153, 168, 499 N.W.2d 764 (1993). The totality of the circumstances test is to be used in cases involving investigative stops. Id., citing United States v. Cortez, 449 U.S. 411, 101 S.Ct. 690, 66 L.Ed.2d 621 (1981). The Cortez Court warned against overly technical reviews of a police officer's common-sense assessment of the probability that criminal activity is afoot. Faucett, supra, 442 Mich. at 168, 499 N.W.2d 764.

In People v. Whalen, 390 Mich. 672, 682, 213 N.W.2d 116 (1973), our Supreme Court concluded that the following rules apply with respect to the stopping, searching, and seizing of motor vehicles and their contents:

1. Reasonableness is the test that is to be applied for both the stop of, and the search of moving motor vehicles.

2. Said reasonableness will be determined from the facts and circumstances of each case.

3. Fewer foundation facts are necessary to support a finding of reasonableness when moving vehicles are involved, than if a house or a home were involved.

4. A stop of a motor vehicle for investigatory purposes may be based upon fewer facts than those...