People v. Clark

• Docket Number: 4-20-0368
• Decision Date: 07 January 2022
• Citation: 2022 IL App (4th) 200368 U
• Parties: THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARVIN E. CLARK, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

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2022 IL App 200368-U

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARVIN E. CLARK, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 4-20-0368

Court of Appeals of Illinois, Fourth District

January 7, 2022

This Order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Champaign CountyNo. 08CF1319Honorable Thomas J. Difanis, Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE DeARMONDdelivered the judgment of the court.Justices Turner and Steigmann concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

DeARMOND, JUSTICE

¶ 1Held:The appellate court reversed and remanded for further proceedings, concluding defendant stated the gist of a constitutional claim his plea of guilty was not voluntary and the circuit court erroneously dismissed his postconviction petition at the first stage of proceedings.

¶ 2Defendant, Marvin E. Clark, appeals from the Champaign County circuit court's dismissal of his pro se petition for relief under the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Postconviction Act)(725 ILCS 5/122-1 to 122-7(West 2018)) at the first stage of proceedings.Defendant argues he set forth the gist of a claim his constitutional rights were violated in that his guilty plea was not knowingly and voluntarily entered and he did not receive the benefit of his negotiated plea agreement with the State.The State argues defendant forfeited any claim his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary or alternatively, he failed to state the gist of a constitutional claim.

We reverse the circuit court's judgment and remand for second-stage postconviction proceedings.

¶ 3 I. BACKGROUND

¶ 4 In July 2008, defendant, who was 15 years old, was charged by information with two counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault, Class X felonies (720 ILCS 5/12-14(a)(2), (b)(West 2006))(renumbered as 720 ILCS 5/11-1.30 by Pub. Act 96-1551 art. 2, § 5(eff. July 1, 2011))(counts I and II).At defendant's arraignment, he was advised he faced a possible prison sentence of 16 to 40 years, to be followed by a period of 3 years' mandatory supervised release (MSR).

¶ 5 In January 2009, defendant pleaded guilty to count I (id.§ 12-14(a)(2)).Prior to pleading guilty the circuit court admonished defendanthe faced between 6 and 30 years in prison, which would be followed by 3 years of MSR.In exchange for defendant's plea of guilty, the State agreed to dismiss count II and recommend a 10-year prison sentence.In explaining the plea agreement, the assistant state's attorney noted, per the Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA)(730 ILCS 150/1 to 12(West 2008)), defendant would be required, inter alia, to register as a sexual predator for his natural life.Following the State's presentation of the factual basis, the circuit court accepted defendant's plea as knowing and voluntary.

¶ 6 On July 21, 2020, defendantpro se filed a postconviction petition, arguing he suffered the following violations of his constitutional rights.First, defendant argued despite having completed 85% of his sentence, he was still incarcerated because he would not have housing upon his release and the Department of Corrections therefore could not release him to an appropriate housing situation in light of restrictions he faced as a registered sex offender.Citing section 5-8-1(d)(4) of the Unified Code of Corrections(Unified Code)(730 ILCS 5/5-8-1 (d)(4)(West 2018)), defendant noted he was subject to an indeterminate term of MSR of three years to life, meaning that he potentially faced natural life incarceration for an offense he committed as a juvenile.Defendant argued under the United States Supreme Court's holding in Miller v.Alabama, 567 U.S. 460(2012), this indeterminate sentence violated his rights under the eighth amendment to the United States Constitution(U.S. Const., amend. VIII) and the proportionate penalties clause of the Illinois Constitution(Ill. Const. 1970, art. I, § 11).

¶ 7 Second, defendant argued he was denied due process in the proceedings leading to his guilty plea because he was not informed he faced an indeterminate term of MSR.Defendant argued he did not agree to an indeterminate term of MSR and would not have pleaded guilty had he been properly advised of that fact.In facing this indeterminate term, rather than the three years of MSR for which he was admonished, defendant argued he did not receive the benefit of his negotiated plea agreement with the State.

¶ 8 One week later, the circuit court entered a written order dismissing the petition as frivolous and patently without merit.

¶ 9 This appeal followed.

¶ 10 II.ANALYSIS

¶ 11 On appeal, defendant argues the circuit court erroneously dismissed his petition at the first stage of proceedings because he stated the gist of a claim his constitutional rights were violated when the circuit court incorrectly admonished him regarding his MSR term and therefore (1) his plea was not knowingly and voluntarily entered, or alternatively, (2)he did not receive the full benefit of his plea agreement with the State.The State responds defendant forfeited any argument his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary by failing to adequately raise it in his postconviction petition.Alternatively, the State argues if this court finds defendant's argument was not forfeited, defendant failed to demonstrate he was prejudiced by the circuit court's improper admonishment regarding his MSR term and therefore failed to state the gist of a constitutional claim the plea was not voluntary or that he did not receive the benefit of his agreement with the State.We agree with defendant that he has stated at least the gist of a constitutional claim his plea was not knowingly and voluntarily entered based on the circuit court's incorrect MSR admonishment.

¶ 12 A. Postconviction Proceedings

¶ 13 The Postconviction Act provides a means by which criminal defendants can assert their convictions were the result of a substantial denial of their rights under the federal or state constitutions, or both.People v. Guerrero,2012 IL 112020, ¶ 14, 963 N.E.2d 909.The Postconviction Act establishes a three-stage process for adjudicating a postconviction petition.People v. English,2013 IL 112890, ¶ 23, 987 N.E.2d 371.At the first stage, the trial court's review of the postconviction petition is to determine whether "the petition is frivolous or is patently without merit."725 ILCS 5/122-2.1(a)(2)(West 2018).A pro se postconviction petition is considered frivolous or patently without merit only if it" 'has no arguable basis either in law or in fact.'"People v. Brown,236 Ill.2d 175, 184-85, 923 N.E.2d 748, 754(2010)(quotingPeople v. Hodges,234 Ill.2d 1, 16, 912 N.E.2d 1204, 1212(2009)).The threshold for surviving the first stage of postconviction proceedings is low; the petition need only present "the gist of a constitutional claim."People v. Harris,224 Ill.2d 115, 126, 862 N.E.2d 960, 967(2007).This court reviews the dismissal of a postconviction petition at the first stage of proceedings de novo.People v. Buffer,2019 IL 122327, ¶ 12, 137 N.E.3d 763.

¶ 14 B. Guilty Pleas

¶ 15 A criminal defendant seeking relief from his guilty plea in a collateral proceeding may raise the following constitutional challenges:" (1) that the plea of guilty was not made voluntarily and with full knowledge of the consequences, and (2) that defendant did not receive the benefit of the bargain he made with the State when he pled guilty."People v. Whitfield,217 Ill.2d 177, 183-84, 840 N.E.2d 658, 663(2005).With respect to the first type of claim," [g]enerally, due process requires that in order for a defendant to knowingly and voluntarily plead guilty, a defendant must be advised of the direct consequences of a guilty plea."People v. Hughes,2021 IL 112817, ¶ 35, 983 N.E.2d 439."[A] direct consequence of a guilty plea is one which has a definite, immediate and largely automatic effect on the range of a defendant's sentence."Id.

¶ 16 Specifically, prior to accepting a defendant's plea of guilty, the trial court must admonish the defendant of "the minimum and maximum sentence prescribed by law."Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 110A, ¶ 402(recodified as Illinois Supreme Court Rule 402(a)(2)(eff. July 1, 2012))."To substantially comply with Rule 402 and due process where a defendant enters into a negotiated plea for a specific sentence, the trial court must advise the defendant, prior to accepting his plea, that a term of MSR will be added to the sentence."People v. Boykins,2017 IL 121365, ¶ 13, 93 N.E.3d 504.Our supreme court in Boykins explained that Rule 402 and due process "require [ ] that defendants be advised that a term of MSR will be added to the actual sentence agreed upon in exchange for a guilty plea to the offense charged."(Internal quotation marks omitted.)Id.(quotingPeople v. Morris,236 Ill.2d 345, 367, 925 N.E.2d 1069, 1082(2010)).

¶ 17 A trial court's failure to properly admonish a defendant as to the correct sentencing range, including any term of MSR prescribed by the Unified Code, may render the defendant's plea involuntary under certain circumstances.See, e.g., People v. Davis,145 Ill.2d 240, 251, 582 N.E.2d 714, 719(1991);People v. McCracken,237 Ill.App.3d 519, 521, 604 N.E.2d 1104, 1106(1992).However, "the failure to properly admonish a defendant, standing alone, does not automatically establish grounds for reversing the judgment or vacating the plea.[Citation.]Rather, a reviewing court focuses on whether the guilty plea was affirmatively shown to have been made voluntarily and intelligently."People v. Delvillar,235 Ill.2d 507, 520, 922 N.E.2d 330, 338(2009).

¶ 18 C. This Case

¶ 19 First, we disagree with the State's...