People v. Dolschenko
Decision Date | 20 April 2023 |
Docket Number | 360169 |
Parties | PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOHN G. DOLSCHENKO, Defendant-Appellant. |
Court | Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US |
UNPUBLISHED
Ogemaw Circuit Court LC No. 20-005342-FH
Before: GARRETT, P.J., and K. F. KELLY and HOOD, JJ.
Defendant appeals by right his bench-trial conviction of failure to pay child support, for which he was sentenced to 79 days in jail with credit for 79 days served, and ordered to pay $39,254.36 in costs, fees, and restitution. Finding no errors warranting reversal, we affirm.
Defendant John G. Dolschenko, and his former wife, Sheryle Musser, were married in 2001 and have three children. The couple separated in 2011 while living in the state of New York, after which that state granted physical custody of the three children to Musser, and joint legal custody to Musser and defendant. Musser and the children moved to Michigan and, on February 15, 2015, Musser filed for divorce in Michigan and sought sole physical and legal custody of the three children. The court entered a temporary child support order, requiring defendant to pay $1,069 per month in child support. In January 2016, the court held a hearing, in which defendant was present. The divorce was finalized the same month wherein Musser was granted sole physical and legal custody of the children, and defendant was ordered to pay $1,282 per month in child support.
Defendant failed to pay the required support from January 1, 2017, to February 1, 2019, and was charged with one count of failure to pay child support, MCL 750.165. There was no dispute during defendant's bench trial that defendant failed to comply with the child support order from January 1, 2017 to February 1, 2019. Instead, defendant argued the underlying child support order was void because the court that issued the order did not have subject-matter jurisdiction. The court ultimately disagreed, and defendant was convicted as noted above. This appeal followed.
We review a trial court's findings of fact for clear error and conclusions of law de novo. People v Pennington, 323 Mich.App. 452, 464 n 7; 917 N.W.2d 720 (2018). "A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made." People v Lanzo Constr Co, 272 Mich.App. 470, 473; 726 N.W.2d 746 (2006). This Court reviews de novo issues concerning jurisdiction. People v Taylor, 316 Mich.App. 52, 54; 890 N.W.2d 891 (2016). Questions of statutory construction are also reviewed de novo. People v Kern, 288 Mich.App. 513, 516; 794 N.W.2d 362 (2010).
On appeal, defendant contends that the trial court erred when finding him guilty of failure to pay child support because the Michigan courts did not have subject-matter jurisdiction to order child support in the first place. We disagree.
The felony nonsupport statute, MCL 750.165 states, in relevant part:
(1) If the court orders an individual to pay support for the individual's former or current spouse, or for a child of the individual, and the individual does not pay the support in the amount or at the time stated in the order, the individual is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 4 years or by a fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both. [MCL 750.165(1).]
In order to convict a defendant for failure to pay child support, the prosecutor must prove: "(1) the defendant was required by a divorce order to support a child, (2) the defendant appeared in or received notice of the action in which the order was issued, and (3) the defendant failed to pay the required support at the time ordered or in the amount ordered." People v Iannucci, 314 Mich.App. 542, 544; 887 N.W.2d 817 (2016). Felony nonsupport is a strict liability offense, meaning the prosecutor is not required to show intent. People v Adams, 262 Mich.App. 89, 100; 683 N.W.2d 729 (2004).
At trial, there was no dispute defendant was ordered by the court to financially support his children. Defendant was aware of the child support order and was present at the hearing when the support order was entered. It is also undisputed that defendant failed to make the required child support payments between January 1, 2017, and February 1, 2019. Defendant did not challenge these facts during trial. Instead, defendant only contested the validity of the underlying child support order, arguing, as he does here, that the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction because there was a pending case in the state of New York concerning the couple's divorce at the time Musser filed for divorce in Michigan.
In this state, the court that issues a child support order has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over that support order and the related proceedings. Under MCL 552.2205(1):
An impermissible collateral attack occurs "whenever challenge is made to [a] judgment in any manner other than through a direct appeal." Iannucci 314 Mich.App. at 544-545 (quotation marks and citation omitted; emphasis added). Defendant's challenge to the validity of his child support order constitutes an impermissible collateral attack on the child support order because defendant did not challenge the support order on direct appeal, but rather sought to challenge it as a basis for dismissing the criminal charges against him. Defendant has not...
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