People v. Hawkins, Docket No. 116268

• Decision Date: 21 November 1989
• Docket Number: Docket No. 116268
• Citation: 181 Mich.App. 393,448 N.W.2d 858
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Lee Wilbur HAWKINS, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 858

448 N.W.2d 858

181 Mich.App. 393

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Lee Wilbur HAWKINS, Defendant-Appellee.

Docket No. 116268.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Oct. 3, 1989.

Decided Dec. 5, 1989.

Released for Publication Nov. 21, 1989.

Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Louis J. Caruso, Sol. Gen., Wesley J. Nykamp, Pros. Atty., and Gregory J. Babbitt, Asst. Pros. Atty., for the People.

Persinger & Farmer, P.C. by Floyd H. Farmer, Jr., Holland, for defendant-appellee.

Before WAHLS, P.J., and GRIBBS and BURNS, ^* JJ.

PER CURIAM.

On remand from our Supreme Court, 432 Mich. 880, 436 N.W.2d 665 (1989), the prosecution appeals a July 7, 1988, opinion of the Ottawa Circuit Court and subsequent order remanding the case to the 58th District Court.

Defendant was arrested for driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor in violation of M.C.L. Sec. 257.625; M.S.A. Sec. 9.2325. Defendant filed a motion to dismiss the charges in district court on the basis that the parking lot where he was arrested was private property and not open to the public and, accordingly, not within the statute.

Tim Raha, a deputy sheriff for the Ottawa County Sheriff's Department, testified that on November 10, 1986, at about 12:20 a.m., he observed defendant driving in the parking lot of Leppink's Shopping Center in Ferrysburg, Michigan. Raha eventually arrested defendant for suspicion of operating a vehicle while under the influence of liquor. Officer Raha testified that there were no signs posted indicating that the parking lot was available for parking by the general public and that there were no businesses open in the shopping center.

John Leppink, the manager of Leppink's Supermarket, testified that there is an easement across the parking lot that is used as an entrance and exit for a condominium development behind the shopping center. Mr. Leppink also testified that there are vending machines and newspaper boxes located outside the stores, which are available for use anytime, night or day. There are no signs posted restricting the use of the parking lot and he allows car pool use, as well as truck drivers and their trucks to park in the lot overnight.

The district court found that the parking lot was open to the public as contemplated by the statute, and defendant's motion was dismissed.

Defendant appealed to the circuit court under MCR 7.103. The Ottawa Circuit Court judge issued an opinion in which he concluded that if defendant was driving on the easement portion of the parking lot his behavior was in violation of the statute. If defendant was only driving on that other portion of the parking lot intended to service only the business invitees and licensees of the businesses, his behavior was not proscribed by statute. The matter was remanded to district court for further proceedings consistent with the opinion.

Thereafter, the prosecution applied for leave to appeal to this Court, which was denied. The prosecution then applied for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court. In lieu of granting leave, the Supreme Court remanded the case to this Court for consideration as on leave granted. 432 Mich. 880, 436 N.W.2d 665 (1989).

The prosecution claims that the circuit court erred in ruling that the parking lot where defendant was arrested was not a place open to the public. We agree.

The primary goal of judicial interpretation of statutes is to give effect to the intent of the Legislature. People v. Einset, 158 Mich.App. 608, 611, 405 N.W.2d 123 (1987), lv. den. 428 Mich. 893 (1987). The first criterion is the specific language of the statute. Id.

M.C.L. Sec. 257.625(1); M.S.A. Sec. 9.2325(1) provides, in pertinent part:

A person, whether licensed or not, who is under the influence of intoxicating liquor or a controlled substance, or a combination of intoxicating liquor and a controlled substance, shall not operate a vehicle upon a highway or other place open to the general public, including an area designated for the parking of vehicles, within the state.

A literal reading of this statute indicates that drunk driving on any place or parking lot which is merely open to the general public is prohibited, as opposed to any area that is obviously closed to the public. The language of the statute focuses upon the accessibility of the area to the public. Therefore, absent barriers to public access, a shopping center parking lot would be open to the public. Arguably, such an area invites public access. In State v. Boucher, 207 Conn. 612, 616-617, 541 A.2d 865 (1988), a Connecticut Supreme Court decision cited by the prosecution, public access and public invitation is explained as follows:

Midas' invitation to the public, its availability to the public and its creation of parking lots for the use of the public while doing business with Midas add up to a parking area at the Manchester Midas Muffler shop that is "open to public use" as that term is used in Sec. 14-212(5). A place is "public" to which the public is invited either expressly or by implication to come for the purpose of trading or transacting business. State v Baysinger, 272 Ind 236, 240-241; 397 NE2d 580 (1979), appeal dismissed sub nom Dove v. State, 449 US 806; 101 S Ct 52; 66 L Ed 2d 10 (1980); Peachey v Boswell, 240 Ind 604, 622; 167 NE2d 48 (1960). "[A]ny parking lot ... which the general public has access to, is a public parking lot." Houston v State, 615 P2d 305, 306 (Okla Crim App, 1980); see also Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc v Aveco, Inc [800 F.2d 59, 63 (C.A.3, 1986) ]; People v. Sherman [158 N.Y.S.2d 835, 837 (1957) ]. "The terms 'open to the public' and to which 'the public has access' [in drunk driving statutes] are usually held to be broad enough to cover parking lots of restaurants, shopping centers, and other areas where the public is invited to enter and conduct business." (Emphasis added.) 1 R Erwin [Defense of Drunk Driving Cases (3d ed) ] Sec. 1.03[c].

Given the intent of the Legislature to protect the general public from operators of automobiles who are under the influence of alcohol, along with the wording of the statute precluding intoxicated persons from operating vehicles not only on public highways but also in areas "open to the general...