People v. Holmes

• Decision Date: 20 May 1977
• Docket Number: No. 48593,48593
• Citation: 67 Ill.2d 236,10 Ill.Dec. 210,367 N.E.2d 663
• Parties: , 10 Ill.Dec. 210 The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Appellant, v. Anthony HOLMES, Appellee.
• Court: Illinois Supreme Court

Page 663

367 N.E.2d 663

67 Ill.2d 236, 10 Ill.Dec. 210

The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Appellant, v. Anthony HOLMES, Appellee.

No. 48593.

Supreme Court of Illinois.

May 20, 1977.

Rehearing Denied Oct. 3, 1977.

William J. Scott, Atty. Gen., Springfield, and Bernard Carey, State's Atty., Chicago (James B. Zagel and Jayne A. Carr, Asst. Attys. Gen., and Laurence J. Bolon and Linda Ann Miller, Asst. State's Attys., Chicago, of counsel), for the People.

James J. Doherty, Public Defender, Chicago (Ronald P. Alwin, Dale W. Broeder, William Murphy, Lawrence J. Suffredin, Jr. and Robert B. Thompson, Asst. Public Defenders, Chicago, of counsel), for appellee.

GOLDENHERSH, Justice:

In a bench trial in the circuit court of Cook County, defendant, Anthony Holmes, was convicted of the murder of Joseph Murphy. The appellate court reversed (38 Ill.App.3d 122, 347 N.E.2d 407), and we allowed the People's petition for leave to appeal. The facts are stated in the opinion of the appellate court and will be repeated here only to the extent necessary to the discussion of the issues.

Joseph Murphy was shot to death in the Bus Stop Lounge. The only evidence which connected defendant with the occurrence was his confession in which he said that he had driven four companions to the Bus Stop Lounge, that he remained in the automobile while the four men walked around the corner, he heard gunshots, and his companions returned to the car and said "It's done." He stated that approximately a month earlier he and his four companions and another man had discussed Murphy, who was a prospective witness in a murder case pending against Luther Coburn, defendant's brother-in-law. The men at the meeting told defendant that they would put a "hit" on Murphy because he intended to testify against Coburn. On the night of the shooting defendant received a telephone call from one of the men who had been at the meeting and was told "We're fixing to make a run." Defendant defined "run" as "going to see some chick" or "going to stick somebody up or something like that." After receiving the call, defendant picked up his four companions, and after making a stop at the Crystal Lounge, defendant drove to the Bus Stop Lounge.

In reversing the conviction the appellate court, holding that the People failed to establish the corpus delicti of the crime of murder aliunde the confession, said: "In order to convict the defendant of murder, the State had to establish by evidence aliunde the confession that the accused conspired with other individuals to kill Joseph Murphy. Here the prosecution failed to establish that defendant was guilty of conspiracy because they failed to establish by way of extrinsic evidence that would corroborate the confession that an overt act was committed by defendant in carrying out the conspiracy. (Citation.) Unless the State can establish the existence of a conspiracy, defendant, as a conspirator, would not be liable for the acts of his co-conspirators." 38 Ill.App.3d 122, 125-26, 347 N.E.2d 407, 410.

The People contend that the appellate court erred in holding that the evidence failed to prove the corpus delicti of murder. They argue that the evidence, independent of defendant's confession, shows both that the death of Joseph Murphy had occurred and that his death was caused by the criminal agency of some person, and that this was sufficient proof of the corpus delicti. They argue further that the record contains substantial evidence corroborative of the defendant's confession.

Defendant, although urging affirmance of the judgment, concedes that he cannot support the position taken by the appellate court and contends that the People "failed to prove the corpus delicti of the crime of accountability-murder." Defendant's position, simply stated, is that the People failed to prove aliunde the confession a third essential element of "accountability-murder" that some person committed an act for which defendant was accountable.

From our review of the authorities we conclude that the appellate court erred in its holding. "The corpus delicti of the crime of murder consists of two essential elements: the fact of death, and the fact that the death was produced by the criminal agency of some person." (People v. Melquist, 26 Ill.2d 22, 28, 185 N.E.2d 825, 829.) Here the corpus delicti of murder was proved by evidence totally independent of defendant's confession. Charles Norris, the bartender at the Bus Stop Lounge, testified that Murphy was shot while opening the door for someone and the defense stipulated that he died as a result of these wounds. People v. Lueder, 3 Ill.2d 487, 121 N.E.2d 743 upon which defendant principally relies, is clearly distinguishable. In Lueder, although there was proof that a building had burned, there was no evidence, except the confession, to show the wilful burning of the building. In People v. Norcutt, 44 Ill.2d 256, 255 N.E.2d 442, in rejecting an argument similar to that made here, the court said:

"The * * *...