People v. NIEZGODA

• Decision Date: 14 March 2003
• Docket Number: No. 2-02-0322.,2-02-0322.
• Citation: 337 Ill. App.3d 593,271 Ill.Dec. 998,786 N.E.2d 256
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Szymon NIEZGODA, Defendant-Appellant.

786 N.E.2d 256

337 Ill. App.3d 593

271 Ill.Dec. 998

The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Szymon NIEZGODA, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 2-02-0322.

Appellate Court of Illinois, Second District.

March 14, 2003.

Stanley J. Horn, James J. Macchitelli, Azulay, Horn, Khalaf & Yoo, Chicago, for Szymon Niezgoda.

Joseph E. Birkett, Du Page County State's Attorney, Wheaton, Martin P. Moltz, Deputy Director, State's Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor, Elgin, Kristine A. Karlin, Mt. Prospect, for the People.

Justice GILLERAN JOHNSON delivered the opinion of the court:

The defendant, Szymon Niezgoda, appeals from the February 27, 2002, order of the circuit court of Du Page County dismissing his petition for postconviction relief. On appeal, the defendant argues that the trial court erred in dismissing his petition without an evidentiary hearing because he presented evidence that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel and that his plea was involuntary. We affirm.

The record reveals that on November 22, 2000, the defendant was charged by indictment with unlawful possession of less than 15 grams of cocaine (720 ILCS 570/402(c) (West 2000)). On April 16, 2001, the defendant pleaded guilty to the charged offense and was sentenced to 24 months' probation and 100 hours' community service and assessed certain fees and costs. The defendant did not file a timely notice of appeal.

On September 19, 2001, the defendant filed a petition pursuant to the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (the Act) (725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2000)) seeking to withdraw his guilty plea. The petition alleged that, before he entered his plea, the defendant consulted with his attorney as to the effect of a guilty plea on his status as an immigrant from Poland. His attorney allegedly told him that his conviction would not be reported to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and that he would not be deported. Based on his attorney's advice, the defendant waived his right to a jury and entered a plea of guilty. On July 25, 2001, the defendant was taken into custody by the INS.

On October 12, 2001, the trial court found that the defendant's petition was not frivolous or patently without merit and ordered that the State file a response to the petition within 35 days. On November 13, 2001, the State filed a motion to dismiss the defendant's petition. The State argued that there was no evidence in the record that the defendant had received erroneous advice from his counsel or that he had otherwise been prejudiced by his counsel's representation.

On February 5, 2002, the defendant filed an amended postconviction petition. The defendant additionally alleged that he was never admonished that he had the right to consult with Polish authorities about his arrest. In support of his petition, the defendant attached his own affidavit and those of three other people. None of these affidavits were notarized. On February 27, 2002, the trial court granted the State's motion to dismiss the defendant's petition. The defendant thereafter filed this timely appeal.

At the outset, we address the State's motion to dismiss the defendant's appeal or, alternatively, strike certain portions of his brief. The State argues that the defendant's statement of facts includes statements that are not supported by the record, in violation of Supreme Court Rule 341. 188 Ill.2d R. 341(e)(6). The State also argues that the defendant has not included a complete record of the proceedings below for this court's review, in violation of Supreme Court Rule 608. 177 Ill.2d Rs. 608(a)(4), (a)(8). We agree with the State that the defendant has not included a complete record for our review. We also find that the defendant's brief is not in full compliance with the applicable supreme court rules governing the content and form of appellate briefs, as the brief includes facts that are unsupported by the record. Nonetheless, we find that the brief and record are sufficient to allow us to review the merits of the appeal. See Taake v. WHGK, Inc., 228 Ill.App.3d 692, 714, 170 Ill.Dec. 479, 592 N.E.2d 1159 (1992). We therefore deny the State's motion and instead will disregard any inappropriate materials or argument. See Kincaid v. Smith, 252 Ill.App.3d 618, 621, 192 Ill.Dec. 595, 625 N.E.2d 750 (1993).

Turning to the merits of the defendant's appeal, we note that the Act provides that a defendant may challenge his conviction by alleging that "in the proceedings which resulted in his or her conviction there was a substantial denial of his or her rights under the Constitution of the United States or of the State of Illinois or both." 725 ILCS 5/122-1 (West 2000); People v. Tenner, 175 Ill.2d 372, 377, 222 Ill.Dec. 325, 677 N.E.2d 859 (1997). A petition filed under the Act must "clearly set forth the respects in which defendant's constitutional rights were violated." 725 ILCS 5/122-2 (West 2000). The petition shall have attached "affidavits, records, or other evidence," as required by section 122-2 of the Act, "supporting its allegations or shall state why the same are not attached." 725 ILCS 5/122-2 (West 2000). A postconviction petition that is not properly supported by affidavits or other evidence is dismissed without an evidentiary hearing unless the defendant's allegation stands uncontradicted and is clearly supported by the record. People v. Johnson, 183 Ill.2d 176, 191, 233 Ill.Dec. 288, 700 N.E.2d 996 (1998).

Because the defendant's affidavits were not notarized, we must first address whether they were sufficient to be considered by the trial court under the Act. The Illinois Supreme Court recently addressed on two separate occasions what constitutes a sufficient affidavit. See Roth v. Illinois Farmers Insurance Co., 202 Ill.2d 490, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212 (2002); Robidoux v. Oliphant, 201 Ill.2d 324, 266 Ill. Dec. 915, 775 N.E.2d 987 (2002). In Robidoux, the supreme court held that an affidavit need not be notarized in order to comply with the requirements of Supreme Court Rule 191(a) (145 Ill.2d R. 191(a)). Robidoux, 201 Ill.2d at 340,266 Ill.Dec. 915,775 N.E.2d 987. In so ruling, the supreme court found that Rule 191 contained no express requirement that the affidavit be notarized. Robidoux, 201 Ill.2d at 340,266 Ill.Dec. 915,775 N.E.2d 987. Rather, the supreme court held that notarization was not required so long as the affidavit was either signed by the affiant or his name appeared as one having taken an oath. Robidoux, 201 Ill.2d at 347,266 Ill.Dec. 915,775 N.E.2d 987.

In Roth, the appellant's attorney filed an affidavit in support of his petition for leave to appeal to the supreme court pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 315 (177 Ill.2d R. 315). Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 491, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212. His affidavit was not notarized. Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 491-94, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212. The supreme court held that the affidavit had no legal effect and, therefore, the appeal should have been dismissed for the lack of a supporting affidavit. Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 497, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212. The supreme court explained that "`"[a]n affidavit is simply a declaration, on oath, in writing sworn to before some person who has authority under the law to administer oaths."' [Citation.]" Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 493, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212. Thus, statements in writing that have not been sworn to before an authorized person cannot be considered affidavits. Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 494, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212.

In so ruling, the supreme court explained that Robidoux was distinguishable because that case applied only to affidavits filed pursuant to Rule 191(a). Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 495, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212. The supreme court found that Rule 191 expressly provides what is required of the affidavit but omits any reference to notarization. Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 496, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212. In contrast, Rule 315 sets forward no specific affidavit requirements. Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 496, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212. Therefore, the supreme court held that the affidavit requirements under Rule 315 would be the same as the court's traditional requirements for an affidavit, including a notarization. Roth, 202 Ill.2d at 496, 270 Ill.Dec. 18, 782 N.E.2d 212.

We believe that Roth sets forward the state of the law in Illinois as to what is required in an affidavit...