People v. Nolan

• Decision Date: 23 December 1981
• Docket Number: No. 79-1227,79-1227
• Citation: 102 Ill.App.3d 895,430 N.E.2d 345,58 Ill.Dec. 403
• Parties: , 58 Ill.Dec. 403 PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael NOLAN, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 345

430 N.E.2d 345

102 Ill.App.3d 895, 58 Ill.Dec. 403

PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael NOLAN, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 79-1227.

Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, Third Division.

Dec. 23, 1981.

Michael Buckley Bolan, Chicago, for defendant-appellant.

Bernard Carey, State's Atty. of Cook County, (Marcia B. Orr, James S. Veldman, Asst. State's Attys., Chicago, of counsel), for plaintiff-appellee.

RIZZI, Presiding Justice:

Defendant, Michael Nolan, was found guilty of murder in a bench trial and was sentenced to a term of 40 to 75 years. On appeal he contends that he was not proved guilty of murder beyond a reasonable doubt and that he was denied his right to a speedy trial. We affirm.

The victim was killed between 12:00 and 12:15 p. m. on November 21, 1974, in Chicago, Illinois. Immediately prior to the occurrence, she was seen engaged in a conversation with a male companion near a fence. She was then seen being thrown over the fence by the male companion. The male companion then jumped over the fence, and 10 or 15 minutes later he was observed jumping back over the fence and walking away from the scene.

Defendant and the victim, who shared a boyfriend/girlfriend relationship, were seen together within fifteen minutes to one-half hour of the murder. Two witnesses saw the victim thrown over the fence. They described her assailant as having the same basic height, age and hair color as defendant. They also described the assailant as wearing clothes very similar to those worn by defendant. There was also direct evidence placing defendant within one-half block of the scene of the murder at about the time the murder occurred. Defendant's neighbors specifically identified defendant as walking down the street at the time.

Shortly after the time of the murder, defendant arrived at his friend's house wearing clothes similar to that of the male seen with the victim at the scene of the murder. While at his friend's house, defendant attempted to persuade his friend to tell the police one of two different stories to explain a cut on his finger. Then defendant proceeded to the victim's house where he offered a third explanation for the cut to the victim's sister.

Basically, defendant contends that the murderer dressed like defendant and looked like defendant but was not defendant. Defendant suggests that it is not surprising that the victim would begin a new relationship with someone with a physical appearance similar to that of a boyfriend she previously found attractive. We cannot accept these hypotheses as establishing a reasonable doubt of defendant's guilt. Defendant also emphasizes the lack of a connection between defendant and the physical evidence in the case, and the absence of identifiable blood on defendant's clothing. However, we do not believe that either of these circumstances is sufficient to raise a reasonable doubt as to defendant's guilt. Rather, we conclude that the evidence is sufficient to establish the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

We next address defendant's contention that he was denied his statutory and constitutional rights to a speedy trial. The statute relating to speedy trials provides that every person in custody in this state for an alleged offense shall be tried within 120 days from the date he was taken into custody unless delay is occasioned by the defendant or by an interlocutory appeal. If a defendant is on bail or recognizance, he is to be tried within 160 days from the date he demands trial unless delay is occasioned by the defendant or by an interlocutory appeal. ¹ Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 38, par. 103-5(a), (b).

In the present case, defendant was arrested on November 21, 1974, and remained in custody until April 23, 1975, when bail was set. During this period, defendant agreed to and requested continuances, and therefore, the statute was tolled. People v. Donalson, 64 Ill.2d 536, 540, 1 Ill.Dec. 494, 495, 356 N.E.2d 776, 777 (1976); People v. Gooding, 61 Ill.2d 298, 300-01, 335 N.E.2d 769, 770-71 (1975); People v. DeCarlis, 88 Ill.App.3d 634, 637, 43 Ill.Dec. 677, 680, 410 N.E.2d 677, 680 (1980).

Defendant filed a motion to suppress statements and physical evidence, and the motion was granted on February 20, 1976. Ordinarily, the defendant is chargeable with the time naturally occasioned by the filing of such a motion (DeCarlis, 88 Ill.App.3d at 637, 43 Ill.Dec. at 680, 410 N.E.2d at 680; People v. Keagbine, 77 Ill.App.3d 1039, 1045, 33 Ill.Dec. 617, 622, 396 N.E.2d 1341, 1346 (1979)), and defendant does not specifically complain about any delay during this period. On March 1, 1976, the State filed a notice of appeal from the ruling on the motion to suppress. On April 13, 1976 and May 13, 1976, defendant answered ready and demanded trial. The State filed its report of proceedings in the appeal on March 2, 1977. On April 19, 1977, defendant filed a motion to dismiss the indictment in the trial court, alleging that he was denied his right to a speedy trial because of the State's delay in prosecuting the appeal.

As noted above, the statute provides that the pendency of an interlocutory appeal tolls the statutory period in which a defendant must be brought to trial. Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 38, par. 103-5(a), (b). The appellate court opinion was filed on April 11, 1978, and the mandate was issued on July 28, 1978. 59 Ill.App.3d 177, 16 Ill.Dec. 572, 375 N.E.2d 445. Therefore, the statutory period was tolled until July 28, 1978, when the mandate was filed in the trial court. People v. Worley, 45 Ill.2d 96, 98, 256 N.E.2d 751, 752 (1970).

During the pendency of the appeal, on November 1, 1977, defendant was taken into custody on a federal indictment. On December 16, 1977, he was sentenced to four years imprisonment in Tennessee. Therefore, at the time the mandate was issued, defendant was in custody in Tennessee. It follows that the speedy trial statute (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 38, par. 103-5(a)) was not applicable since defendant was not in custody in this state at the time. See People v. Rose, 7 Ill.App.3d 374, 378-79, 287 N.E.2d 195, 198 (1972); People v. Terlikowski, 83 Ill.App.2d 307, 310, 227 N.E.2d 521, 522 (1967). Instead, his statutory right to a speedy trial arose from the Agreement on Detainers (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 38, par. 1003-8-9), which provides that if a person is imprisoned in a party state and there is pending in another party state an untried indictment on the basis of which a detainer has been lodged against the prisoner, he shall be brought to trial within 180 days after he notifies the prosecuting officer's jurisdiction of his place of imprisonment and his request for a final disposition of his case. Here, the detainer was lodged against defendant on August 28, 1978, and assuming defendant notified the authorities, he was tried within 180 days. Accordingly, defendant's argument relating to his statutory right to a speedy trial fails.

Although the statute implements the constitutional right to a speedy trial, it is not co-extensive with the constitutional right. People v. Bazzell, 68 Ill.2d 177, 181, 11 Ill.Dec. 594, 595, 369 N.E.2d 48, 49 (1977); People v. Love, 39 Ill.2d 436, 443, 235 N.E.2d 819, 823 (1968). The constitutional right to a speedy trial cannot be defined in terms of an absolute standard of time within which an accused must be brought to trial. People v. Daniels, 76 Ill.App.3d 646, 650-51, 32 Ill.Dec. 216, 220-21, 395 N.E.2d 163, 167 (1979). Whether a defendant has been denied his constitutional right to a speedy trial is a judicial question, and the record must be examined in its totality. Bazzell, 68 Ill.2d at 181, 11 Ill.Dec. at 595, 369 N.E.2d at 49; Daniels, 76 Ill.App.3d at 651, 32 Ill.Dec. at 221, 395 N.E.2d at 167. In determining whether there has been a denial of this right, the four factors which should be...