People v. Palmer

• Decision Date: 02 August 1974
• Docket Number: No. 14,14
• Citation: 220 N.W.2d 393,392 Mich. 370
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. John Joseph PALMER, Defendant-Appellee. 392 Mich. 370, 220 N.W.2d 393
• Court: Michigan Supreme Court

Page 393

220 N.W.2d 393

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. John Joseph PALMER, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 14.

392 Mich. 370, 220 N.W.2d 393

Supreme Court of Michigan.

Aug. 2, 1974.

George N. Parris, Pros. Atty., Thaddeus F. Hamera, Chief Appellate Lawyer, by Don L. Milbourn, Asst. Pros. Atty., Mount Clemens, for plaintiff-appellant.

Towner, Rosin, York & McNamara by Fred A. York, Mount Clemens, for defendant-appellee.

Before the Entire Bench Except LEVIN, J.

T. M. KAVANAGH, Chief Justice.

Defendant, John Joseph Palmer, has been twice tried and convicted of manslaughter. Defendant's first conviction was reversed by the Court of Appeals because of an error in the trial. People v. Palmer, 28 Mich.App. 624, 185 N.W.2d 94 (1970). On retrial defendant was charged with manslaughter ¹ under the aiding and abetting statute. ² This trial also resulted in a jury verdict of guilty of involuntary manslaughter.

On appeal, the Court of Appeals, in an unpublished per curiam opinion, No. 12993 dated January 15, 1973, declared that none of defendant's raised issues disclosed any basis for reversible error. However, the court Sua sponte raised the question of sufficiency of the evidence and reversed defendant's conviction on that issue.

This Court granted the prosecutor's application for leave to appeal from that decision. ³

A review of the record discloses that on March 28, 1968, at approximately 7:00 p.m., two men, Robert Dunaway and defendant, rang the doorbell of Sam DiMaggio's house in Sterling Heights. Mr. DiMaggio answered the door and both men entered the home. There was testimony that defendant remained near the front door while Dunaway escorted DiMaggio into the kitchen to get his jacket. After DiMaggio hurriedly said 'good-by' to his wife, Dunaway and defendant ushered him from the house towards a waiting automobile. As the three men crossed the front yard DiMaggio's wife attempted to leave the house. Mrs. DiMaggio testified that as she started to open the front door defendant turned, took several steps in her direction and gestured with his hand for her to remain inside. In response to defendant's gesture she closed the storm door but remained in the doorway to observe what was happening.

Upon arriving at the car, first DiMaggio and then Dunaway entered the rear seat from the passenger side. Mrs. DiMaggio next observed Dunaway strike her husband twice with his fist. She said that both blows landed on the left side of his head. At this point she left the doorway to summon the police. As she departed she noticed the defendant was running towards the car but she did not see him enter the car, nor did she see the car drive away.

Kenneth Piatkoski, a boyfriend of Mrs. DiMaggio's oldest daughter, also testified ⁴ that Dunaway and the defendant arrived together and shortly afterwards escorted Sam DiMaggio from the house. He stated that the men left in a group with DiMaggio in the center and Dunaway and the defendant on either side. Although he was not in a position to observe the men as they crossed the front yard; he did go to the front door after they reached the car. He testified the defendant got into the front passenger seat and that as the car drove away he observed Dunaway strike DiMaggio at least twice on the right side of the head.

A few hours later that same evening, about 9:30 p.m., Mrs. DiMaggio heard a car stop and then drive away. Mr. Piatkoski went outside and found Sam DiMaggio lying in the middle of the street. DiMaggio had been severely beaten about the face and left side of his head. In a dying declaration heard by several witnesses, he said that five guys had beaten him and he specifically named Robert Dunaway as one of the attackers. DiMaggio was rushed to Saratoga Hospital in Detroit where he died the next day.

The medical testimony on the fatal injuries was uncontested. The medical examiner testified that DiMaggio had severe contusions on the left side of the face caused by a blunt instrument, which could have been a fist. The cause of death was described as a severe traumatic injury to the brain with subdural hemorrhage. This damage was found on the right side of the brain. The prosecution asked the following question to explain the connection between the internal and external injuries.

'Q. In your experience, Doctor as a Forensic Pathologist, can you explain to this jury the reason for the presence of the massive hemorrhage on the right side of the brain and damage to the right side of the brain when in fact the external contusions were to the left side of the head?

'A. Well, we called this condition contrecoup (sic). That means it is opposite to the side of the injury, and what happens is that as the head is struck the brain is sort of movable within the skull, which is, of course hard and solid, and when it is hit on one side it'll throw the brain to the opposite side hitting the hard surface of the skull on the opposite side causing the injuries and hemorrhages that I have described.'

The doctor further testified the contrecoup injury occurs when the victim is struck in the head while the body is in an upright position with the head erect and movable.

The sole issue before this Court is whether the evidence is sufficient to warrant the jury's finding that defendant was guilty of aiding and abetting in the felonious slaying of Sam DiMaggio. The prosecution contends DiMaggio's death amounted to involuntary manslaughter and that defendant's involvement made him criminally responsible for this death.

In a criminal trial the burden is on the prosecution to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt on every element of the crime charged. On appeal from a conviction a defendant may request the appellate court to determine if the prosecution fulfilled this burden. In conducting this review the appellate court must remember that the jury is the sole judge of the facts. It is the function of the jury alone to listen to testimony, weigh the evidence and decide the questions of fact. People v. Mosden, 381 Mich. 506, 510, 164 N.W.2d 26 (1969). In determining the facts the jury may draw reasonable inferences from the facts established by either direct or circumstantial evidence. People v. Weyonen, 247 Mich. 308, 311, 225 N.W. 552 (1929).

Juries, not appellate courts, see and hear witnesses and are in a much better position to decide the weight and credibility to be given to their testimony. Where sufficient evidence exists, which may be believed by the jury, to sustain a verdict of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, the decision of the jury should not be disturbed by an appellate court. People v. Moore, 306 Mich. 29, 33, 10 N.W.2d 296 (1943).

In a criminal case the reviewing court must examine the record to determine whether the evidence was ample to warrant a jury verdict of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the crime charged. People v. Williams, 368 Mich. 494, 501, 118 N.W.2d 391 (1962). In People v. Howard, 50 Mich. 239, 242, 15 N.W. 101 (1883), this Court considered the proper role of an appellate court reviewing the jury's decision.

'As to whether the evidence introduced was sufficient to sustain the charge made, we need but say that if there was evidence tending to sustain the charge made in either of the counts, then this court will not attempt to weigh the same and say whether the jury ought or not to have considered it sufficient. In testing this question we are not required to take that which respondent relies upon and that which would tend against him, and from a comparison thereof determine which was the stronger and better, or, deducting the one from the other, say what if anything, was left. This would be but a weighing of the evidence and was entirely within the province of the jury. Nor are we to take the evidence in the order, question and answer, in which it was given, but finding it where we may, and putting what...