People v. Richardson

• Decision Date: 30 December 1985
• Docket Number: No. 2-84-0748,2-84-0748
• Parties: , 93 Ill.Dec. 891 PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Charles RICHARDSON, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 716

487 N.E.2d 716

139 Ill.App.3d 598, 93 Ill.Dec. 891

PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Charles RICHARDSON, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 2-84-0748.

Appellate Court of Illinois,

Second District.

Dec. 30, 1985.

G. Joseph Weller, Michael F. Braun, Office of State Appellate Defender, Elgin, for defendant-appellant.

Daniel Doyle, State's Atty., Rockford, Phyllis J. Perko, Martin P. Moltz, State's Atty. Appellate Service Com'n, Elgin, for plaintiff-appellee.

LINDBERG, Justice.

Defendant, Charles Richardson, appeals from a judgment of the circuit court of Winnebago County finding him guilty of the murder of Donald Parker and sentencing him to a 60 year extended term of imprisonment for that offense. On appeal defendant argues that (1) the prosecutor's use of a peremptory challenge to remove the only black person from the jury denied him his right to a jury drawn from a fair cross-section of the community, (2) three instances of prosecutorial misconduct deprived him of his right to a fair trial, and (3) the imposition of an extended term sentence was an abuse of the sentencing court's discretion.

At about 11:15 p.m. on August 27, 1983, a black man entered the Rainbow Tap, bought a can of beer, and left. Later, at about 12:15 a.m. on August 28, two black men armed with handguns entered the bar. The first went up to Douglas Block, an off-duty police officer and son of the bar's owner, in front of the bar. The second, identified by Block as defendant, went behind the bar near the bartender, Donald Parker, where he opened the cash register. During the course of the robbery, the people in the bar were ordered to place their wallets on the bar. The robber near Block went to pick up Block's wallet, which contained Block's badge, and Block grabbed the man's gun. Both Block and Parker struggled with the robbers near them. Block was shot in the chest by the man he was struggling with. Parker grabbed the legs of the man behind the bar who then shot him in the head. The man who had been struggling with Block shot Parker in the back and the two gunmen then fled.

Defendant contends that assistant State's Attorney Robert Gemignani's use of a peremptory challenge to exclude the only black member of the venire from the jury deprived defendant of his sixth amendment right to be tried by a jury drawn from a fair cross-section of the community. This issue has been rejected by our supreme court. (People v. Williams (1983), 97 Ill.2d 252, 273-280, 73 Ill.Dec. 360, 454 N.E.2d 220.) Defendant argues that Williams should be reexamined because five justices of the United States Supreme Court have expressed interest in considering the issue. (McCray v. New York (1983), 461 U.S. 961, 963, 103 S.Ct. 2438, 2439, 77 L.Ed.2d 1322, 1323, (opinions of Justice Stevens respecting the denial of certiorari and Justice Marshall dissenting from the denial of certiorari).) However, in cases decided since McCray our supreme court has not indicated that it is willing to reconsider Williams. (See, e.g., People v. Lyles (1985), 106 Ill.2d 373, 392-296, 87 Ill.Dec. 934, 478 N.E.2d 291.) Defendant cites decisions from other jurisdictions, including lower Federal courts, in support of his argument, however none of these decisions is binding on the courts of this state. (People v. Nurse (1985), 131 Ill.App.3d 590, 594, 86 Ill.Dec. 621, 625, 475 N.E.2d 1000, 1004.) Because the Illinois Supreme Court has decided the issue raised against defendant's position, this court lacks the power to decide that issue in defendant's favor. People v. Nurse (1985), 131 Ill.App.3d 590, 594, 86 Ill.Dec. 621, 625, 475 N.E.2d 1000, 1004.

Defendant's second issue concerns three instances of alleged prosecutorial misconduct. Officer James Rinaldo of the Rockford Police Department had testified that when he arrested defendant, defendant was found crouched down on the floor in the back of the car. Defendant testified that he was not hiding at the time he was arrested. During cross-examination, the prosecutor added:

"Q [Assistant State's Attorney Gemignani]: Are you saying Rinaldo is lying about that?

A [defendant]: Yes."

The second instance occurred when Mr. Gemignani, during closing argument, commented:

"And if you have time to alter your car and if you're that sophisticated in your actions in this kind of activity, then you are sophisticated enough to change clothes if he did have such clothes on."

Defendant argues that this comment improperly insinuated defendant had a criminal history. Finally, the third instance, also during closing argument, was a comment by Mr. Gemignani that if Officer Dominic Iasparro, who testified to a statement made by defendant after arrest, was lying, "You are all in serious trouble as I am, the Court and everything else. If our police is [sic] that bad, then we are in serious, serious trouble." Defendant argues that this was an improper comment that the witness was more credible because he was a police officer.

The three alleged instances of prosecutorial misconduct were neither objected to when they occurred nor alleged in defendant's post-trial motion. Accordingly, they have been waived for purpose of review. (People v. Pickett (1973), 54 Ill.2d 280, 282, 296 N.E.2d 856; People v. French (1965), 33 Ill.2d 146, 149, 210 N.E.2d 540; People v. Conrad (1967), 81 Ill.App.2d 34, 49-50, 225 N.E.2d 713, 721.) Defendant argues that the issue raised should be reviewed as plain error. (87 Ill.2d R. 615(a).) That rule permits a reviewing court, as a matter of grace in a criminal case, to take notice of unpreserved errors which deprived a defendant of substantial means of enjoying a fair and impartial trial or to consider unpreserved errors in cases in which the evidence is closely balanced. People v. Pickett (1973), 54 Ill.2d 280, 283, 296 N.E.2d 856.

The claimed errors did not deprive defendant of substantial means of enjoying a fair and impartial trial. The question of defendant as to whether he believed Officer Rinaldo was lying was improper, but not sufficiently grave to merit a new trial. (People v. Cohen (1980), 83 Ill.App.3d 706, 708, 39 Ill.Dec. 385, 404 N.E.2d 976, 977.) Defendant's claim that the prosecutor insinuated he had a criminal history is fairly subtle since, in the context in which the prosecutor used the word "sophisticated", it may or may not have been understood to refer to "criminal sophistication". Finally, although it appears the prosecutor did improperly argue Officer Iasparro was more credible because he was a police officer (People v. Ford (1983), 113 Ill.App.3d 659, 662, 69 Ill.Dec. 347, 447 N.E.2d 564, 567), this error was not one which denied defendant substantial means of enjoying a fair and impartial trial.

Moreover, the evidence in the case was not closely balanced. The jury heard evidence that Officer Douglas Black identified defendant, both from a photograph and a corporeal lineup, out-of-court and had made an in-court identification of defendant...