People v. Strawther
Decision Date | 25 May 1973 |
Docket Number | Docket No. 14936,No. 1,1 |
Citation | 209 N.W.2d 737,47 Mich.App. 504 |
Parties | PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Joe STRAWTHER, Defendant-Appellant |
Court | Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US |
Robert E. Slameka, Detroit, for defendant-appellant.
Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Robert A. Derengoski, Sol. Gen., William L. Cahalan, Pros. Atty., Dominick R. Carnovale, Chief, Appellate Div., Detroit, Robert A. Reuther, Asst. Pros. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before LESINSKI, C.J., and R. B. BURNS and V. J. BRENNAN, JJ.
On February 22, 1972 Joe Strawhere was found guilty by a judge, sitting without a jury, of larceny in a building, M.C.L.A. § 750.360; M.S.A. § 28.592. He was sentenced to from two to four years in prison. He appeals as of right.
Defendant's single allegation of error is that the circumstantial evidence presented is insufficient to support the conviction. We will therefore recount at length the evidence adduced at trial.
Complainant testified that on October 23, 1970, between 2 and 6 p.m., his automobile reconditioning garage was broken into. His tools and equipment were stolen. He further alluded to the fact that defendant had said 'we would get straight' concerning complainant's loss.
At this point we note that everyone agrees that the complainant, defendant, and all the witnesses were friends at one time. Defendant, some of the witnesses, and others in the neighborhood often drank in the empty lot and alley adjoining complainant's garage. Also complainant had allowed defendant to spend the night in his garage on occasion because defendant had no other place to sleep.
Witnesses Youngblood, Scott, and Jackson testified that they saw defendant and two men named 'Fifi' and 'Slim' standing near a tool box and buffing machine on the side of complainant's garage at approximately 4:30 p.m. on the day in question. Witness Jackson further testified that defendant asked him to help move the tools back into the garage. The witness refused because he did not want the police to catch him carrying the tools back into the garage.
Defendant took the stand and testified that he had nothing to do with removing the tools from the garage. He had a bad back and could not lift anything heavy. 'Fifi', defendant's uncle Claude Dorris, had seen the tools by the side of the building and told defendant about them. The two of them walked over to the tools. Defendant then tried to convince 'Fifi' and witness Jackson to help him move the tools back inside the garage. Both refused. Defendant then left.
The trial judge asked defendant the following question:
'Did you ever tell Mr. Davis you would make up for the stuff that was missing?
'The witness: No, I told Mr. Davis at that time when we was coming to Court, I said any kind of arrangements to keep down trouble and confusion, I would try to help him get some of his tools back.'
The prosecution finally called 'Fifi' as a res gestae witness. His testimony corroborated defendant's. He told defendant about the tools because he felt that defendant was in charge of the garage.
The prosecution now argues from People v. Fry, 17 Mich.App. 229, 231, 169 N.W.2d 168, 169 (1969), that 'it is well established that the trier of fact may properly infer that one in possession of recently stolen property was the thief.' In Fry the issue of possession was clear because defendant sold the stolen radio to a pawn shop owner. Here defendant was seen with others near the stolen property, but no one ever saw him even touch the property. In order for possession to be grounds for an inference, it must be exclusive, recent, and involve a conscious assertion of property by defendant. Wharton's Criminal Evidence (12th ed), § 135, pp 254--259.
In People v. McDonald, 163 Mich. 552, 554, 128 N.W. 737 (1910), the Court considered the issue of possession saying:
The Court reversed defendants' convictions on the ground that the prosecution must show more than mere possession. There was no evidence that defendants had been in the vicinity of the scene of the crime.
Of course there is ample evidence that defendant in the case at bar was at the scene of the crime. The additional problem here is that he spent much of his time in and around the garage--so it was not unusual for him to be there. The inference of guilt from evidence of presence at the scene is thereby greatly diminished. The question is whether we will allow a court to infer from mere presence both possession of the goods and that defendant stole them.
In People v. Johnson, 4 Mich.App. 205, 206--207, 144 N.W.2d 646 (1966), the Court confronted a similar problem:
The Court reversed, without requiring a new trial, for insufficient evidence.
In the case at bar there is some dispute as to how often defendant spent the night in complainant's garage and as to who was drinking with whom on the day of the crime; even if defendant were believed to be lying about these things, this is not substantive evidence of the offense. Here also there is an additional piece of evidence--plaintiff testified that defendant said 'we would get straight'. This statement, if true, is susceptible of more than one interpretation, as evidenced by defendant's explanation of it.
The prosecutor would have us infer possession from defendant's presence near the goods and then infer that he had stolen the goods, from the fact of possession. We cannot, as a matter of law, make an inference upon an inference from a single fact. There is insufficient evidence as a matter of law to sustain this conviction. The...
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...569 (1981) (possession of recently stolen property permits inference that possessor committed theft); People v. Strawther, 47 Mich.App. 504, 507, 209 N.W.2d 737 (Mich.Ct.App.1973). The strength of the inference of guilt is dependent upon the facts of the case and weakens with the lapse of t......
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