People v. U.S. Currency

• Citation: 404 N.W.2d 634,158 Mich.App. 126
• Decision Date: 06 May 1987
• Docket Number: Docket No. 85174
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan and Wayne County Prosecuting Attorney, Petitioners-Appellees, v. U.S. CURRENCY $4,082.00, One 1979 Volvo, Defendants-Appellants, and Haralabos Manetas, Respondent-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan (US)

Page 634

404 N.W.2d 634

158 Mich.App. 126

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan and Wayne County Prosecuting Attorney, Petitioners-Appellees, v. U.S. CURRENCY $4,082.00, One 1979 Volvo, Defendants-Appellants and Haralabos Manetas, Respondent-Appellant.

Docket No. 85174.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Oct. 2, 1986.

Decided Nov. 14, 1986.

Released for Publication May 6, 1987.

Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Louis J. Caruso, Sol. Gen., John D. O'Hair, Pros. Atty., Timothy A. Baughman, Deputy Chief, Civil and Appeals, and A. George Best II, Asst. Pros. Atty., for people.

Bell & Hudson, P.C. by Seymour Floyd, Detroit, for defendants-appellants.

Before BEASLEY, P.J., and J.H. GILLIS and DODGE, ^* JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Haralabos Manetas, respondent, appeals as of right from the circuit court's order granting the prosecutor's petition for forfeiture of $4,082. The circuit court denied the prosecutor's petition insofar as it requested forfeiture of a 1979 Volvo automobile. We affirm.

On February 5, 1985, the Wayne County Sheriff's Department obtained an arrest warrant for Aram Alkazoff, who lived at 5221 Tarnow in Detroit. While the warrant was being obtained, two officers watched the residence. They observed respondent drive up to the residence in his Volvo. Respondent, who was carrying a paper bag and a small "zippered carry bag," entered the home. The police knew respondent had been involved in other drug transactions.

When the officer with the warrant arrived, the police went to the back door of the residence and knocked. The occupants of the home told the police to wait and that they would open the door. The officers observed people running past the door and down to the basement. They also heard the sound of a toilet flushing. The officers then attempted to break the door down, but it was barricaded by bars. Finally, the officers broke a hole through the door and one officer crawled inside the home.

At that time, the toilet was in its third cycle and respondent was standing in the kitchen, just two to three feet from the toilet. The officer retrieved a ripped plastic bag from the toilet. Later, it was determined that the bag contained cocaine.

At the forfeiture hearing, Melvin Turner, the officer who had crawled into the home, testified that respondent was the only one who could have flushed the bag of cocaine down the toilet. Although there were other people in the home, Turner stated that respondent, a woman in the northeast bedroom next to the bathroom, and the two men down in the basement were the only ones he could not see when he entered the home. The woman in the bedroom had the door closed. Turner, however, admitted that he did not witness respondent flushing the toilet.

Later, the police searched respondent and found $4,082 in his "carry bag." The police also seized a triple beam scale, handguns, and paper used for packaging drugs from the home.

M.C.L. Sec. 333.7521(1); M.S.A. Sec. 14.15(7521)(1) provides in part:

"The following property is subject to forfeiture:

"(a) A controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance which has been manufactured, distributed, dispensed, used, possessed, or acquired in violation of this article.

"(b) A raw material, product, or equipment of any kind which is used, or intended for use, in manufacturing, compounding, processing, delivering, importing, or exporting a controlled substance in violation of this article; or a raw material, product, or equipment of any kind which is intended for use in manufacturing, compounding, processing, delivering, importing, or exporting an imitation controlled substance in violation of section 7341.

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"(f) Any thing of value that is furnished or intended to be furnished in exchange for a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance in violation of this article, traceable to an exchange for a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance in violation of this article, or used or intended to be used to facilitate any violation of this article including but not limited to money, negotiable instruments, or securities. To the extent of the interest of an owner, a thing of value is not subject to forfeiture under this subdivision by reason of any act or omission that is established by the owner of the item to have been committed or omitted without the owner's knowledge or consent. Any money that is found in close proximity to any property that is subject to forfeiture under subdivision (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) shall be presumed to be subject to forfeiture under this subdivision. This presumption may be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence."

At the forfeiture hearing, petitioner presented Turner's testimony. Respondent did not present any testimony. The trial court concluded respondent had failed to rebut the presumption contained in M.C.L. Sec. 333.7521(1)(f); M.S.A. Sec. 14.15(7521)(1)(f) and held the money was forfeited.

Respondent first argues the presumption contained in M.C.L. Sec. 333.7521(1)(f); M.S.A. Sec. 14.15(7521)(1)(f) is unconstitutionally vague and overbroad. Respondent failed to raise this issue below and he also failed to cite any authority in support of his position. A constitutional issue raised for the first time on appeal is waived. Petterman v. Haverhill Farms, Inc., 125 Mich.App. 30, 33-34, 335 N.W.2d 710 (1983). Moreover, a statement of position without supporting authority is insufficient to preserve a claim for appeal because it is not up to this Court to discover and then to rationalize the basis of a party's claims. Hull & Smith Horse Vans, Inc. v. Carras, 144 Mich.App. 712, 720, 376 N.W.2d 392 (1985), lv. den. 424 Mich 895 (1986); Kucken v. Hygrade Food Products Corp., 51 Mich.App. 471, 473, 215 N.W.2d 772 (1974). Hence, we find respondent's first argument is not preserved for appeal. Id.

Respondent also argues the petitioner must show probable cause to connect respondent's money with illegal drug transactions before the presumption contained in M.C.L. Sec. 333.7521(1)(f); M.S.A. Sec. 14.15(7521)(1)(f) is invoked. We disagree. Although the federal forfeiture statute requires probable cause to be shown for the institution of a forfeiture action, 21 U.S.C. Sec. 881(d) and 19 U.S.C. Sec. 1615,...