Perreault v. Lyons

• Decision Date: 01 July 1954
• Parties: PERREAULT v. LYONS et al.
• Court: New Hampshire Supreme Court

Page 380

106 A.2d 380

99 N.H. 169

PERREAULT v. LYONS et al.

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

Argued June 2, 1954.

Decided July 1, 1954.

Morris D. Stein and Nicholas Pantelas, Nashua, Nicholas Pantelas, Nashua, for plaintiff.

Albert Terrien, Nashua, for defendants

DUNCAN, Justice.

The implied finding of the Justice who presided at the jury trial of this action that the verdict was conclusively against the weight of the evidence cannot be held unreasonable as a matter of law, Wisutskie v. Malouin, 88 N.H. 242, 246, 186 A. 769, and the exception is overruled insofar as it relates to the order setting aside the verdict. Hosmer, Inc., v. L. P. Federico & Son, 89 N.H. 378, 380, 199 A. 567. As the reserved case indicates the action was previously remanded 'so that this Court [the Trial Court] could pass on the question of the weight of the evidence.' While no express findings were made, the plain implication of the order excepted to is that the Court considered that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. The issue presented by the motion was 'whether there was such a preponderance of evidence in favor of the moving party as to justify a finding of passion, prejudice, partiality, corruption or plain mistake.' Bennett v. LaRose, 82 N.H. 443, 447, 136 A. 254, 256. Suits for malicious prosecution are notorious for their capacity to mislead juries, particularly on the issue of probable cause, which was a principal issue in the case. The difficulty, after an acquittal, of appraising the situation as it appeared to the defendants before the criminal proceedings were instituted is so great as to have given rise to the exceptional doctrine that the question of probable cause as distinguished from that of the credibility of the evidence of surrounding circumstances, Cohn v. Saidel, 71 N.H. 558, 563, 53 A. 800, is one of law for the Trial Court. Simpson v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 354 Pa. 87, 92, 46 A.2d 674; IX Wig.Ev. (3rd ed.) s. 2554; Restatement, Torts, s. 673; 54 C.J.S., Malicious Prosecution, § 97. We cannot say that the court below was not warranted in finding that the verdict was the result of partiality or mistake, nor may we substitute our judgment for that of the Justice who heard and saw the witnesses and submitted the issues to the jury. Wisutskie v. Malouin, supra, 88 N.H. 243, 245, 186 A. 769.

The question of whether it was error to order a directed verdict for the defendants presents a more difficult problem. The issues presented by an action for malicious prosecution are well established. In this case there was no dispute that criminal proceedings had been instituted against the plaintiff by formal action on the part of a proper official or tribunal, Blenn v. Morrill, 90 N.H. 109, 110, 5 A.2d 42, since the plaintiff was indicted by grand jury for the offense of larceny of property of the defendant Lyons, after having been bound over on complaint to the municipal court. It was likewise beyond dispute that the proceedings terminated in the plaintiff's favor, by acquittal, before this action was instituted. See Woodman v. Prescott, 66 N.H. 375, 22 A. 456. The defendants raised no question of the sufficiency of the evidence to take the case to the jury, Perreault v. Lyons, 98 N.H. 317, 318, 99 A.2d 916, supra, and the issues of whether they instigated the criminal proceedings, and if so, whether they did so without probable cause, and out of malice, were submitted to the jury without exception. 'The existence of malice is always exclusively a question for the jury, and so is the question of probable cause, so far as it is dependent upon the credibility of the evidence which has been given to prove or disprove its existence.' Cohn v. Saidel, 71 N.H. 558, 563, 53 A. 800, 803, supra. The issue of probable cause was properly defined by the Court, in the language of Woodman v. Prescott, 65 N.H. 224, 19 A. 999: 'It is sufficient if he [that is, the defendant] has such information and knowledge of such facts as would lead a man of ordinary caution and prudence to entertain an honest belief that the accused was guilty.' See also, Eastman v. Keasor, 44 N.H. 518, 520; Krol v. Blodick, 77 N.H. 557, 558, 94 A. 261.

The evidence upon the last three issues was in conflict. The plaintiff's evidence tended to prove that the defendants notified the chief of police that the plaintiff had stolen chickens belonging to the defendant Lyons, and that they wanted him 'picked up.' The defendants' evidence, which included the testimony of the sheriff and the police, tended to show that the criminal proceedings were instituted solely in the discretion of these officials after independent investigation, and that neither defendant signed the complaint in municipal court. Cf. Restatement, Torts, s. 653, comment b; Blenn v. Morrill, 90 N.H. 110, 5 A.2d 42, supra. The same testimony however disclosed that the defendant Lyons complained of the plaintiff in the hope of restitution, and that the officers relied upon the statement of one or both defendants identifying the chickens as property of the defendant Lyons. Conflictng inferences were possible as to each of the three issues of malice (Restatement, Torts, s. 668, comment g, s. 669), probable cause, and instigation of the prosecution. Each issue turned in large part upon the credibility of witnesses.

It is true that the burden was upon the...