Perry Co. v. R.R. Co.

• Court: Ohio Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: OWEN
• Citation: Perry Co. v. R.R. Co., 43 Ohio St. 451, 2 N.E. 854 (Ohio 1885)
• Decision Date: 27 October 1885
• Parties: PERRY CO. v. RAILROAD CO.

43 Ohio St. 451

2 N.E. 854

PERRY CO.

v.RAILROAD CO.¹

Supreme Court of Ohio.

Filed October 27, 1885.

Error to district court, Perry county.

On October 24, 1882, the plaintiff, the board of commissioners of Perry county, filed its petition in the court of common pleas of that county against the defendant, in which it was alleged (with other necessary formal averments) that prior to the year 1871 it became necessary to build, and it did build, a bridge upon a county road within the village of Somerset, in that county, at the county expense, which bridge remained, from its construction, the property, and under the control and supervision, of the county; that the defendant, in the construction of its railroad across such county road and within such village, without lawful authority excavated and cut and carried away earth and rock from under such bridge, destroying its foundation, leaving no support for it, so that it became unfit for public travel, and made it necessary to construct an entirely new bridge of a greater length than the original one; that the defendant failed and refused to restore such bridge or construct such new bridge, whereby it became necessary for the plaintiff to, and it did, about the month of March, 1878, at the expense of such county, construct a new bridge in lieu of the first at the necessary cost of $3,000, and paid for the same out of the bridge funds of the county, and has ever since kept up and maintained it; that the damages by reason of these facts are $3,000, for which judgment is asked. The defendant demurred to this petition, on the alleged grounds, substantially, that (1) the facts alleged did not entitle the plaintiff to recover against the defendant; and (2) that the supposed cause of action did not accrue within four, six, or ten years prior to the commencement of the action. The court of common pleas sustained the demurrer, and dismissed the plaintiff's action. The district court affirmed this judgment, and the present proceeding is prosecuted to reverse these judgments.

[Ohio St. 452]John Ferguson and James F. Conly, for plaintiff in error.

Charles H. Kibler, for defendant in error.

OWEN, J.

1. The contention of the defendant is that whatever claim for damages accrued against it by reason of the injury complained of must be prosecuted by the village of Somerset. To sustain this position, section 2640, Rev. St., is relied upon. This provides that ‘the council (of each municipal corporation) shall have the care, supervision, and control of all public highways, streets, [Ohio St. 453]avenues, alleys, sidewalks, public grounds, and bridges within the corporation, and shall cause the same to be kept open and in repair, and free from nuisance.’ On the strength of this provision it was held, in Railroad Co. v. Commissioners, 35 Ohio St. 1, that ‘where an obstruction is created in a state or county road, and the corporation limits of a municipal corporation are extended over a part of the road so obstructed, the county commissioners cannot maintain an action for the obstruction of that part of the highway which is within the limits of the corporation.’

The highway involved in this decision was within the city of Youngstown, (a city of the second class,) in Mahoning county. The reason chiefly relied upon in the opinion of OKEY, J., to support the conclusion announced is that ‘under the act of 1873 (now section 863, Rev. St., infra) the damages recovered must be appropriated by the commissioners in repairing the road or removing the obstruction; but, as the control of highways in the corporation is confided to the corporate authorities, the commissioners could not apply such moneys within the corporate limits.’ In the case at bar the moneys had already been expended by the commissioners in repairing the injury, and the action was to reimburse the county therefor. An enactment, since incorporated in section 2824, Rev. St., provided that in all cities of the first and second class one-half the proportion of the bridge fund collected upon property within such cities-in all cases where the city council shall demand it-shall be paid into the city treasury, and shall be expended by such city for the purpose of building and repairing bridges. An enactment, since incorporated into section 4938, Rev. St., provided that ‘the commissioners of the several counties shall cause [Ohio St. 454]to be constructed and kept in repair * * * all necessary bridges in villages and cities not having a right to demand and receive a part of the bridge fund, * * * on all county * * * roads * * * running into or through any such village or city.’ This enactment is not cited because it shows the village of Somerset to have been destitute of a bridge fund, (for it was authorized to make a levy for bridge purposes, section 2683, Rev. St.,) but for the reason that it will be seen from it that the village of Somerset, not being entitled to demand or receive any part of the county bridge fund, comes squarely within the requirement that the commissioners shall cause to be constructed and kept in repair all necessary bridges on all county roads within such villages. Section 863, Rev. St., provides that ‘when a bridge on any state or county road, * * * the property of or under the control or supervision of any county, is injured or destroyed * * * by any corporation, * * * such corporation shall be subject to * * * damages, and the board of (county) commissioners of the proper county is authorized to sue, * * * and the money so received * * * shall be appropriated by the commissioners to repair such bridge, * * * or to reimburse the county for expenditures in that behalf; * * * and the statute of limitations shall not run in favor of any person or corporation committing any acts, injuries, or obstructions concerning any such road or public highway.’ The action below was evidently brought under the authority of this section.

It will be observed that if such bridge is either the property or under control of the county, the commissioners are authorized to bring suit for its destruction, or to reimburse the county for expenses incurred in its restoration. The bridge in question in the case at bar was unquestionably the property of the county. It was so far destroyed by the defendant as to make it necessary that an entire new bridge be constructed in its stead; and, in view of the provisions cited above, we are not prepared to hold that the provisions of section 2640, supra, purporting to invest the councils of municipal corporations with the care, supervision, and control of bridges within the corporations, [Ohio St. 455]and the duty of keeping them in repair, were designed to extend to the construction, by villages, of new bridges which are destined, on completion, to become and remain the property of the counties in which such villages are respectively situated. The ownership of such a bridge by the county, its duty to rebuild it when destroyed, and the duty of the municipality in which it is situated to supervise and control it, or even to keep it in repair, are not so far inconsistent as to call upon us to declare a repeal by implication of any of these apparently conflicting provisions, in order to hold, as we do, that the plaintiff is entitled to recover of the defendant the necessary cost of rebuilding the bridge, which, by the wrongful acts of the latter, was so far destroyed as to create a necessity for a new bridge in its place. Nor do we find it necessary, in reaching this conclusion, to overrule or materially qualify Railroad Co. v. Commissioners, 35 Ohio St. 1. That case is, for the reasons already given, clearly distinguishable from the case at bar.

2. The plea of the statute of limitations, which the demurrer interposed to the petition, is untenable. From the time the injuries complained of were committed, and, at least, to the time the commissioners made full restoration, the duty of the defendant to restore the bridge to its former condition of usefulness and safety was a continuing and subsisting obligation, and each day's failure to make full restoration was a fresh breach of such obligation, and lapse of time cannot avail to interpose a bar to recovery. Railroad Co. v. Commissioners, 31 Ohio St. 338. The injury was committed in 1871. Full restoration was made by the commissioners in March, 1878. The action below was commenced in October, 1882. When the commissioners had fully restored the bridge, it became the duty of the defendant to reimburse the county in that behalf; and whether we treat this obligation as a liability created by statute, (section 863, supra;) whether the necessary performance of the commissioners of a duty imposed by law upon the defendant, which the latter refused to perform, raised an implication [Ohio St. 456]of a promise by the latter to repay the expenses so incurred; or whether the rule of limitation prescribed by the section last cited be held to extend to an action for the construction of the bridge in question,-the result is the same,-lapse of time does not avail to bar discovery.

The court of common pleas erred in sustaining the demurrer to the petition and dismissing the plaintiff's action. The district court erred in affirming this judgment. These judgments are reversed, the demurrer is overruled, and the cause remanded for further proceedings.

NOTE.

Statute of Limitations.

Statutes of limitations are statutes of repose, Hurley v. Cox, 2 N. W. Rep. 705;Letson v. Kenyon, 1 Pac. Rep. 562;Taylor v. Miles, 5 Kan. 499;Elder v. Dyer, 26 Kan. 604, and are enacted upon the presumption that one having a well-founded claim will not delay enforcing it beyond a reasonable time if he has the power to sue. Such reasonable time is therefore defined and allowed. But the basis of the presumption is gone whenever the ability to resort to the court has been taken away; for in such a case the creditor has not the time within which to bring his suit that the statute co...