Perry v. Pernet
Decision Date | 02 June 1905 |
Docket Number | 20,571 |
Parties | Perry v. Pernet |
Court | Indiana Supreme Court |
From Clark Circuit Court, Harry C. Montgomery, Judge.
Action by Charles Perry against James S. Pernet. From a judgment for defendant, plaintiff appeals.
Affirmed.
Frank M. Mayfield, for appellant.
Charles W. Miller, Attorney-General, C. C. Hadley, L. G. Rothschild and W. C. Geake, for appellee.
This is a proceeding by writ of habeas corpus against appellee, sheriff of Clark county, Indiana, for the discharge of appellant from the jail of said county. Final judgment was rendered remanding appellant to the custody of appellee.
It appears from the record that the wife of the appellant brought an action against him for support, under the statute; that the court ordered that he pay to his wife the sum of $ 5 per week. Upon his failure to comply with said order the wife filed an affidavit against the appellant asking that he be cited to appear and show cause, if any he had, why he should not be punished for contempt for failing to comply with said order of the court; that the court, after hearing the evidence, adjudged on January 7, 1905, that the appellant was guilty of contempt of court, and that he "be imprisoned in the county jail of Clark county until said order is complied with, or until the further order of the court."
On February 2, 1905, appellant filed his complaint in the court below for a writ of habeas corpus, praying that he be discharged for the following reasons: This proceeding is a collateral attack upon the judgment committing appellant to the county jail, and can not succeed unless said judgment is absolutely void. Williams v. Hert (1901), 157 Ind. 211, 87 Am. St. 203, 60 N.E. 1067, and cases cited; Gillett, Crim. Law (2d ed.), p. 57.
The court had jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the proceeding against appellant for contempt of court and of his person. Imprisonment in such a case is not imprisonment for debt within the meaning of the Constitution (Art. 1, § 22). Stonehill v. Stonehill (1896), 146 Ind. 445, 447, 45 N.E. 600, and cases cited.
Errors, if any, committed by the court in the contempt proceedings can be reviewed and corrected only on appeal. Williams v. Hert, supra; Koepke v. Hill (1901), 157 Ind. 172, 87 Am. St. 161, 60 N.E. 1039, and cases cited; Winslow v. Green (1900), 155 Ind. 368, 369, 58 N.E. 259.
When a judge has been called or an attorney has been appointed to try a cause as provided by statute, and no objection is made at the time, or to his sitting in the cause when he assumes to act, all objections thereto will be deemed waived on appeal. Ripley v. Mutual Home, etc., Assn. (1900), 154 Ind. 155, 156, 56 N.E. 89, and cases cited; Crawford v. Lawrence (1900), 154 Ind. 288, 56 N.E. 673, and cases cited; Lillie v. Trentman (1891), 130 Ind. 16, 29 N.E. 405.
Contempts of court are classified as civil and criminal. To lay down a general rule by which in all cases these two classes may be distinguished is impracticable. It was said in Phillips v. Welch (1876), 11 Nev. 187, 190: Rapalje, Contempts, § 21; 7 Am. and Eng. Ency. Law (2d ed.), 28, 29. It is evident that the proceeding against appellant for the failure to comply with the order of the court was a case of civil contempt.
Such contempt cases are expressly excepted from the operation of §§ 1017-1025 Burns 1901, §§ 1005-1013 R. S. 1881, by § 1026 Burns 1901, § 1014 R. S. 1881, which provides: "That nothing herein shall be construed or held to embrace, limit, or control, any proceeding against any officer or party for contempt for the enforcement of civil rights and remedies." Section 1022, supra, cited by appellant, which limits the power of courts to punish contempts, did not therefore apply to this proceeding against appellant.
It has been held that when the imprisonment is inflicted as a punishment for the contempt, a definite term must be named. People, ex rel., v. Pirfenbrink (1879), 96 Ill. 68; Rapalje, Contempts, pp. 179, 180. But when the imprisonment is inflicted not as a punishment, but as a means to compel the party to do some act ordered by the court, the rule is otherwise. People, ex rel., v. Pirfenbrink, supra; Kernodle v. Cason (1865), 25 Ind. 362, 363; Ex parte Wright (1879), 65 Ind. 504, 511; Tindall v. Nisbet (1901), 113 Ga. 1114, 39 S.E. 450, 55 L. R. A. 225; Cobb v. Black (1865), 34 Ga. 162, 166; Drakeford v. Adams (1896), 98 Ga. 722, 724, 25 S.E. 833; In re Allen (1876), 13 Blatchf. 271, 275, 1 F. Cas. 436; Chapel v. Hull (1886), 60 Mich. 167, 26 N.W. 874; Forrest v. Price (1893), 52 N.J. Eq. 16, 29 A. 215; Jernee v. Jernee (1896), 54 N.J. Eq. 657, 35 A. 458; People, ex rel., v. Tamsen (1896), 17 Misc. (N.Y.) 212, 40 N.Y.S. 1047; State, ex rel., v. Irwin (1887), 30 W.Va. 404, 4 S.E. 413; Tome's Appeal (1865), 50 Pa. 285, 291, 295-299; 7 Am. and Eng. Ency. Law (2d ed.), 68, 69, 72, 73; 9 Cyc. Law and Proc., 35, 53; Rapalje, Contempts, pp. 79, 180; note to In re Cary (1882), 10 F. 622, 629.
In Kernodle v. Cason, supra, it was held that if a defendant fails to purge himself from the contempt of failing to pay money for the support of his wife as required by an order of court, the court may order him to be imprisoned until he pays the money, or is otherwise legally discharged. It was held in Tindall v. Nisbet, supra, that a failure or refusal to comply with an order of court to deliver or pay money or the like, or to purge the contempt is "a continuing contempt, and the court may order the imprisonment of such party until he complies with such order." Citing Cobb v. Black (1865), 34 Ga. 162, 166; Drakeford v. Adams, supra. It was said in 7 Am. and Eng. Ency. Law (2d ed.), 68: The object in this case was not to punish appellant for an act done in contempt of court but to compel him to pay the amount due under said order for the support of his wife, when the contempt proceeding was commenced.
On the payment of said amount, which was not uncertain, and the cost of said contempt proceeding, appellant was entitled to be discharged, and the court below, under the terms of said order of commitment, on the application of appellant and notice to the party to whom the money is due, has the power to discharge him from custody on his showing that his failure to pay said amount since the commitment is due to an actual inability to do so. Hendryx v. Fitzpatrick (1884), 19 F. 810; Wartman v. Wartman (1853), Taney 362, Fed. Cas. No. 17,210; Lansing v. Lansing, 41 How. Pr. 248; Thweatt v. Kiddoo (1877), 58 Ga. 300, 303; Tindall v. Nisbet, supra; Rapalje, Contempts, § 137; 7 Am. and Eng. Ency. Law (2d ed.), 72, 73, 75, 76.
It was said in Hendryx v. Fitzpatrick, supra on page 814: "We do not mean to be understood that the court has a general discretion to annul orders passed for the benefit of a party to the suit; but that where inability is shown to comply with the order--as, for instance, insanity, if the decree requires an act to be done, or...
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