Perry v. Pernet

• Decision Date: 02 June 1905
• Docket Number: No. 20,571.,20,571.
• Citation: 74 N.E. 609,165 Ind. 67
• Parties: PERRY v. PERNET, Sheriff.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

165 Ind. 67

74 N.E. 609

PERRY

v.PERNET, Sheriff.

No. 20,571.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

June 2, 1905.

Appeal from Circuit Court, Clark County; Harry C. Montgomery, Judge.

Habeas corpus by Charles Perry against John S. Pernet as sheriff to secure relator's discharge from custody. From a judgment remanding relator, he appeals. Affirmed.

Frank M. Mayfield, for appellant. C. W. Miller, Atty. Gen., W. C. Geake, L. G. Rothschild, and C. C. Hadley, for appellee.

MONKS, C. J.

This is a proceeding by writ of habeas corpus against appellee, sheriff of Clark county, Ind., for the discharge of appellant from the jail of said county. Final judgment was rendered remanding appellant to the custody of appellee.

It appears from the record that the wife of the appellant brought an action against him for support, under the statute; that the court ordered that he pay to his wife the sum of $5 per week; upon his failure to comply with said order the wife filed an affidavit against the appellant, asking that he be cited to appear and show cause, if any he had, why he should not be punished for contempt for failing to comply with said order of the court; that the court, after hearing the evidence, adjudged on January 7, 1905, that the appellant was guilty of contempt of court, and that he “be imprisoned in the county jail of Clark county until said order is complied with, or until the further order or the court.” On February 2, 1905, appellant filed his complaint in the court below for a writ of habeas corpus, praying that he be discharged for the following reasons: “First. That appellant was not, at the rendition of said order, nor is he now, in contempt of court in failing to comply therewith, because he says that at the time said order was made he was, and still is, wholly without any property, real or personal; that he did not then have nor has he now any money, rights, credits, or effects in his possession or under his control, or in the possession or control of any other person; that he has in good faith made every effort in his power to comply fully with said order but has wholly failed. Second. That said judgment upon which said order for contempt was made was a civil judgment, and his failure to comply therewith did not render him in contempt of court. Third. That said order of commitment is void, because the term of imprisonment is not fixed thereby at some period not exceeding three months, as provided by section 1022, Burns' Ann. St. 1901 (section 1010, Rev. St. 1881, and section 1010, Horner's Ann. St. 1901). Fourth. The record and judgment under and by which your petitioner is restrained of his liberty do not show that Hon. William C. Utz, who acted as judge of the court below when said order of commitment was made, and by whom the same was made, was ever appointed special judge to try and determine said alleged contempt proceeding.”

This proceeding is a collateral attack upon the judgment committing appellant to the county jail, and cannot succeed unless said judgment is absolutely void. Williams v. Hert, 157 Ind. 211, 60 N. E. 1067, 87 Am. St. Rep. 203, and cases cited; Gillett's Criminal Law (2d Ed.) p. 57. The court had jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the proceeding against appellant for contempt of court and of his person, and imprisonment in such a case is not imprisonment for debt within the meaning of the Constitution. Stonehill v. Stonehill, 146 Ind. 445, 447, 45 N. E. 600, and cases cited. Errors, if any, committed by the court in the contempt proceedings, can only be reviewed and corrected on appeal. Williams v. Hert, 157 Ind. 211, 60 N. E. 1067, 87 Am. St. Rep. 203, and cases cited; Koepke v. Hill, 157 Ind. 172, 60 N. E. 1039, 87 Am. St. Rep. 161, and cases cited; Winslow v. Green, 155 Ind. 368, 369, 58 N. E. 259. When a judge has been called or an attorney has been appointed to try a cause as provided by statute, and no objection is made at the time, or to his sitting in the cause when he assumes to act, all objections thereto will be deemed waived on appeal. Ripley v. Mutual Home, etc., Association, 154 Ind. 155, 156, 56 N. E. 89, and cases cited; Crawford v. Lawrence, 154 Ind. 288, 56 N. E. 673, and cases cited; Lillie v. Trentman, 130 Ind. 16, 29 N. E. 405. Contempts of court are classified as civil and criminal. To lay down a general rule by which in all cases these two classes may be distinguished is impracticable. It was said in Phillips v. Welch, 11 Nev. 187, 190: “If the contempt of the party consists in the refusal of a party to do something which he is ordered to do for the benefit or advantage of the opposite party, the process is civil, and he stands committed until he complies with the order. The order in such case is not punitive, but executive. If, on the other hand, the contempt consists in a threatened act injurious to the other party, the process is criminal, and conviction is followed by a penalty of fine or imprisonment, or both; which is purely punitive. In the former case the private party alone has an interest in the enforcement of the order, and the moment he is satisfied the imprisonment terminates; in the latter case the state alone is interested in the enforcement of the penalty.” Rapalje on Contempt, § 21; 7 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 28, 29. It is evident that the proceeding against appellant for the failure to comply with the order of the court was a case of civil contempt. Such contempt cases are expressly excepted from the operation of sections 1017-1025, Burns' Ann. St. 1901, by section 1026, Burns' Ann. St. 1901, which provides “that nothing herein shall be construed or held to embrace, limit or control any proceeding against any officer or person for contempt for the enforcement of civil rights and remedies.” Section 1022, Burns' Ann. St. 1901, cited by appellant, which limits the power of courts to punish contempts, did not, therefore, apply to this proceeding against appellant.

It has been held that when the imprisonment is inflicted as a punishment for the contempt a definite term must be named. People v. Pirfenbrink, 96 Ill. 68; Rapalje on Contempt, § 129, pp. 179, 180. But when the imprisonment is inflicted not as a punishment, but as a means to compel the party to do some act ordered by the court, the rule is otherwise. People v. Pirfenbrink, supra; Kernodle v. Cason, 25 Ind. 362, 363; Ex parte Wright, 65 Ind. 504, 511;Tindall v. Westcott, 113 Ga. 1114, 39 S. E. 450, 55 L. R. A. 225, 230;Cobb v. Black, 34 Ga. 162, 166;Drakeford v. Adams, 98 Ga. 722, 724, 25 S. E. 833; Matter of Allen, 13 Blatchf. (U. S.) 271, 275, Fed. Cas. No. 208; Chapel v. Hull, 60 Mich. 167, 26 N. W. 874;Forrest v. Price, 52 N. J. Eq. 16, 29 Atl. 215;Jernee v. Jernee, 54 N. J. Eq. 657, 35 Atl. 458;People v. Tamsen, 17 Misc. Rep. 212, 40 N. Y. Supp. 1047;State v. Irwin, 30 W. Va. 405, 4 S. E. 413;Tomes' Appeal, 50 Pa. 285, 291, 295-299; 7 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law (2d Ed.) 68, 69, 72, 73; 9 Cyc. Law and Proc., 35, 53; Rapalje on Contempt, § 129, pp. 179, 180; 10 Fed. 629, note. In Kernodle v. Cason, 25 Ind. 362, it was held that, if a defendant fails to purge himself from the contempt of failing to pay money for the support of his wife, as required by an order of court, the court may order him to be imprisoned until he pays the money or is otherwise legally discharged. It was held in Tindall v. Westcott, 113 Ga. 1114, 39 S. E. 450, 55 L. R. A. 225, 230, that a failure or refusal to comply with an order of court to deliver or pay money or the like, or to purge the contempt, is “a continuing contempt, and the court may order the imprisonment of such party until he complies with such order”; citing Cobb v. Black, 34 Ga. 162, 166;Drakeford v. Adams, 98 Ga. 722, 724, 25 S. E. 833. It was said in 7 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law (2d Ed.) p. 68: “The performance of any act, whether it be the payment of money, the delivery of property, or the doing of some other thing adjudged to be within the power of the contemner, and ordered by the court to be performed, which he, in contempt of the order, refuses to obey, is commonly coerced by imprisonment. In such case it is not necessary that the order of commitment designate a definite duration for the imprisonment. The punishment is purely coercive, and it is sufficient that the contemner be committed until he purge himself of the contempt by signifying his...