Perry v. State
| Decision Date | 20 September 1988 |
| Docket Number | 6 Div. 457 |
| Citation | 549 So.2d 119 |
| Parties | Maurice PERRY v. STATE. |
| Court | Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals |
William Dawson, Birmingham, for appellant.
Don Siegelman, Atty. Gen., and Andy S. Poole, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.
The appellant was indicted on two counts of violating the Alabama Uniform Controlled Substances Act: the first count charged the unlawful possession of 1.176 grams of powder containing cocaine and the second count charged the unlawful possession of 1.31 grams of marijuana. Subsequently, the appellant was indicted for the possession of a weapon following the conviction of a crime of violence, in violation of § 13A-11-72(a), Code of Alabama (1975). He was found guilty of the unlawful possession of cocaine as charged in the first count and of unlawfully possessing a pistol or having under his control a pistol after having previously been convicted of a felony. The jury found the appellant not guilty of the unlawful possession of marijuana. He was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment on the possession of cocaine conviction and 22 years' imprisonment on the possession of a pistol conviction; the sentences to run concurrently.
The appellant argues that the indictment under which he was convicted was invalid, because, he says, it failed to conform with § 15-8-3, Code of Alabama (1975), in that the indictments failed to state in the caption the time when the indictment was preferred. He further argues that the court did not, therefore, have proper jurisdiction. The appellant cites Goodloe v. State, 60 Ala. 93 (1877), which stated that the caption is an essential part of every indictment and must be affirmatively shown by the record. He further quotes from Flanigan v. State, 247 Ala. 642, 25 So.2d 685, 687 (1946), wherein it is stated:
" 'Following the lead of the cases cited above, we feel it our duty to regard the question as settled in this State, that a caption, such as is described in Reeves v. State , is an essential of a good indictment; and when the question comes before us on appeal, if the record does not contain such caption, it is a fatal error.' " (Emphasis added in Flanigan.)
Id., quoting Goodloe v. State, supra, at 95.
However, according to Rule 15.2(d), Alabama Temporary Rules of Criminal Procedure:
Furthermore, under the comment to section (d), it is stated that this section was
Therefore the indictment was not insufficient for failing to contain in the caption the time when it was preferred.
The appellant argues that his rights were violated by the illegal search and seizure of the vehicle. He further asserts that the pistol and narcotics which were found in the vehicle should therefore have been suppressed. However, the warrantless search was proper as falling within the exception for probable cause coupled with exigent circumstances.
The record indicates that Deputy Anthony Richardson, of the Jefferson County Sheriff's Department, had obtained a search warrant for the house belonging to the appellant and his mother, based on information provided by a confidential informant. The informant had indicated that during the previous 24 hours he had seen narcotics belonging to the appellant in that house. After arriving at the house, Deputy Richardson decided to wait for the appellant or another occupant to arrive, before executing the warrant. He received a call on his beeper from the same confidential informant, informing him that the appellant was on E Street in Ensley, in a small blue vehicle with tinted windows, and had in his possession a blue tote bag containing narcotics. Deputy Reeves set up surveillance on the vehicle and observed the appellant and a female get in the automobile. The appellant drove a short distance and began talking to some individuals on the street. He then turned the car around and approached Deputy Richardson. Deputy Richardson, who was accompanied by another police officer, approached the appellant and asked if he was Maurice Perry. When he replied affirmatively, Deputy Richardson informed him that he had a search warrant. The appellant emerged from the car and was read his rights. The female was still in the car, so Deputy Richardson asked her to step outside. He looked inside the vehicle for any weapons, but found none. Deputy Richardson had obtained information from the tag of the vehicle, which indicated that it was registered to someone with the last name of Monahan; it had not been reported as stolen. The automobile belonged to the female passenger and had been purchased by her father. The female identified the automobile as her own and asked that they not search it. However, the officer searched the entire inside of the vehicle and, in searching the trunk, discovered a blue tote bag. Inside the tote bag were two glass smoking pipes, a cocaine sifter, a black shaving kit containing white powder in a packet, white powder residue and paraphernalia, rubbing alcohol, a Barretta .32 caliber automatic pistol, a clip with seven shells, a holster, and papers belonging to the appellant. The white powder was determined to contain cocaine.
Sufficient probable cause was established by the information relayed to Deputy Richardson from the confidential informant, indicating that the appellant would have narcotics in the blue tote bag and describing the vehicle and its location. Deputy Richardson testified that the confidential informant had given him information in the past that had led to numerous arrests and convictions for other drug-related offenses. His information also provided the basis for the search warrant obtained for the appellant's house. Whether sufficient probable cause exists to justify a warrantless search and seizure is to be determined by applying the totality-of-the-circumstances analysis adopted in Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 103 S.Ct. 2317, 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983). However, an informant's veracity and basis of knowledge remain relevant in determining the reliability of his account and are relevant considerations in the totality-of-the-circumstances analysis. See Bishop v. State, 518 So.2d 829, 830-31 (Ala.Cr.App.1987) (). The informant's tip was shown to have been reliable under these facts. Under the totality of the circumstances, probable cause existed to justify the officers' search of the appellant's...
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Johnson v. State
...Alexander, 475 So.2d 628 (Ala.1985). The proof was sufficient to support the offense charged in the indictment. See Perry v. State, 549 So.2d 119, 121 (Ala.Cr.App.1988). The indictment alleged that the appellant intentionally caused the death of the victim by inflicting multiple blunt force......
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...indictment and the evidence before a conviction will be overturned. Smith v. State, 551 So.2d 1161 (Ala.Cr.App.1989); Perry v. State, 549 So.2d 119 (Ala.Cr.App.1988). "A variance is not a material variance unless it misleads the accused or is substantially injurious to him in making his def......
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...location in the charging instrument and the location adduced by the evidence introduced at trial is also immaterial. See Perry v. State, 549 So.2d 119 (Ala.Cr.App. 1988). Accordingly, the trial court did not err in denying Hopper's motion for a judgment of acquittal on the charge of imprope......
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...warrantless search of a vehicle is justified where there is probable cause to believe the vehicle contains contraband. Perry v. State, 549 So.2d 119, 121 (Ala.Cr.App.1988), citing C. Gamble, McElroy's Alabama Evidence § 334.01(7)(b)(3d ed.1977). In Perry, we noted that "[e]xigent circumstan......