Peterson v. Columbus Med. Center Foundation

• Decision Date: 12 April 2000
• Docket Number: No. A00A0172.,A00A0172.
• Citation: 533 S.E.2d 749,243 Ga. App. 749
• Parties: PETERSON v. COLUMBUS MEDICAL CENTER FOUNDATION, INC. et al.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

533 S.E.2d 749

243 Ga. App. 749

PETERSON v. COLUMBUS MEDICAL CENTER FOUNDATION, INC. et al.

No. A00A0172.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

April 12, 2000.

Reconsiderations Denied May 1, 2000.

Steven L. Atha, for appellant.

Bradley & Hatcher, Richard Y. Bradley, Robert C. Martin, Jr., Carter R. Page, Columbus, for appellees. BLACKBURN, Presiding Judge.

In this medical malpractice action, Darlene Peterson appeals from the trial court's grant of defendants', Columbus Medical Center Foundation, Inc. and Rivertown Pediatric, P.C. (the Medical Defendants), motion to dismiss her complaint. Peterson contends the trial court erred by dismissing: (1) her malpractice action for failure to attach the affidavit required by OCGA § 9-11-9.1 because she showed good cause to extend the time for filing the affidavit and (2) her action added by amendment to the original complaint which she asserts is one of simple negligence. Peterson also contends that OCGA § 9-11-9.1, as applied, violates her constitutional rights. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm in part and reverse in part. On appeal,

[a] motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted should not be sustained unless (1) the allegations of the complaint disclose with certainty that the claimant would not be entitled to relief under any state of provable facts asserted in support thereof; and (2) the movant establishes that the claimant could not possibly introduce evidence within the framework of the complaint sufficient to warrant a grant of the relief sought.

(Footnotes omitted.) Anderson v. Flake, 267 Ga. 498, 501(2), 480 S.E.2d 10 (1997).

On March 21, 1997, Peterson brought her infant son, Davaun, who had been born prematurely in October, to Dr. Thomas Ellison of Rivertown Pediatric in Columbus, Georgia, because the infant was lethargic. Dr. Ellison ordered x-rays and blood tests to be performed at Columbus Regional Pediatric Center located in the same building. After these procedures were performed, but before the results were read, Peterson took her child home as instructed by Dr. Ellison. During the early morning hours of March 22, 1997, Davaun's heart monitor sounded. Peterson called 911 and administered CPR, but Davaun could not be resuscitated.

Peterson asserts that shortly after the death of her son, she sought the assistance of an attorney in Alabama. However, in February 1999, she was told that no action had been filed and that the attorney could not represent her. Nonetheless, that same attorney assisted Peterson in the preparation of a pro se complaint, asserting medical malpractice, which was filed on March 19, 1999, shortly before the statute of limitation would expire for any cause of action which Peterson might have against the Medical Defendants. At the time of filing, Peterson had not obtained an affidavit which was required to be attached to the complaint, and she did not allege that the failure to attach the affidavit was because the statute of limitation would expire within ten days of the date of filing. See OCGA § 9-11-9.1(a) and (b) (1997).

On April 19, 1999 and May 4, 1999, the Medical Defendants filed answers to the complaint, asserting as a defense, Peterson's failure to comply with the requirements of OCGA § 9-11-9.1. Contemporaneously with their answers, the Medical Defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint on this ground. On May 6, 1999, the motions were set for hearing on June 3, 1999.

Subsequently, Peterson obtained counsel to represent her. On June 2, 1999, Peterson filed a first amendment to the complaint, adding a count in simple negligence and the following statement: "Plaintiff states this action was filed pro se on March 19, 1999 within ten days of the expiration of the statute of limitations period and because of such time constraints, an affidavit of an expert could not be prepared." On the same day, Peterson filed a request to file a motion out of time and a motion to extend the time to file an affidavit alleging professional negligence.

The hearing on the motions to dismiss was held on June 3, 1999. On June 16, 1999, the trial court granted the Medical Defendants' motions and dismissed the complaint. On June 28, 1999, Peterson filed a motion to reconsider the order of dismissal, attaching to it an affidavit supporting her allegations of professional malpractice. The trial court denied the motion to reconsider.

1. In her first enumeration of error, Peterson argues that her amended complaint triggered the automatic 45-day extension to file the affidavit under OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b). She contends that, after that extension had expired, the trial court abused its discretion by failing to grant her motion for a "good cause" extension provided by OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b) and by dismissing her medical malpractice action.

(a) A plaintiff asserting a professional malpractice action must attach to the complaint a supporting affidavit of a qualified expert. OCGA § 9-11-9.1(a). Under OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b), a plaintiff is automatically entitled to a 45-day extension of time to file the affidavit where (1) the statute of limitation is about to expire and (2) the plaintiff alleges the affidavit could not be obtained for that reason:

The contemporaneous filing requirement of subsection (a) of this Code section [requiring an affidavit] shall not apply to any case in which the period of limitation will expire or there is a good faith basis to believe it will expire on any claim stated in the complaint within ten days of the date of filing and, because of such time constraints, the plaintiff has alleged that an affidavit of an expert could not be prepared. In such cases, the plaintiff shall have 45 days after the filing of the complaint to supplement the pleadings with the affidavit.

OCGA § 9-11-15 allows a plaintiff to amend the complaint to comply with OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b) within 45 days of filing and thus trigger the automatic extended filing period. Glisson v. Hosp. Auth. of Valdosta &c., 224 Ga.App. 649, 481 S.E.2d 612 (1997) (complaint amended and affidavit filed within 45 days of the complaint); Thompson v. Long, 201 Ga.App. 480, 411 S.E.2d 322 (1991) (complaint amended and affidavit filed within 45 days of the original complaint). Any such amendment relates back to the filing of the original complaint, so the extended filing period begins on the date the original complaint was filed. Glisson, supra.

Thereafter, a plaintiff who triggered OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b) may request additional time to file the affidavit. "The trial court may, on motion, after hearing and for good cause extend such time as it shall determine justice requires." OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b). Our Supreme Court has stated that such an extension for "good cause" can be considered even after the 45-day period has expired. Labovitz v. Hopkinson, 271 Ga. 330, 332-333(2), 519 S.E.2d 672 (1999), overruling by implication Dixon v. Barnes, 214 Ga.App. 7(1), 446 S.E.2d 774 (1994). In that case, the Supreme Court held that res judicata did not bar a nonmalpractice claim arising out of the same facts as a malpractice claim which had been dismissed for failure to file an expert affidavit under OCGA § 9-11-9.1 (1989). In its analysis of the res judicata issue, the Supreme Court stated that "[OCGA] § 9-11-9.1(b) (1989) does not, by its terms, limit a subsection (b) plaintiff to request a `good cause' extension of time within that 45-day period."¹ Labovitz, supra at 333(2), 519 S.E.2d 672. Although Labovitz, supra, did not explicitly overrule Dixon, supra, we are constrained by the Supreme Court's interpretation which addresses the very issue before us.

Therefore, applying this law to the facts before us, we find that Peterson properly availed herself of OCGA § 9-11-15 to amend the complaint to include the language of OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b). Glisson, supra. Thus, despite amending the complaint 75 days after it was filed, Peterson triggered OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b) and the automatic 45-day extended filing period. Id. However, Peterson could not and did not file the affidavit within the 45-day period, as the automatic extended filing period had already expired. Id. Yet, since Peterson fell within the provisions of OCGA § 9-11-9.1(b), she was not precluded from seeking a good cause extension of time to file the affidavit after the statutory 45-day period had expired but before the motions to dismiss had been granted. Labovitz, supra.

(b) Having decided that Peterson was not precluded from seeking an extension to file the affidavit, we turn to whether the trial court's denial of her motion for an extension was erroneous. In reviewing a trial court's decision whether to grant an extension of time to file an affidavit,

[w]e will not substitute our judgment for that of the trial court when there is no obvious or apparent abuse of discretion by the court in what clearly is a matter of discretion. Where the trial court hears evidence, considers briefs and arguments and thereafter in the exercise of its discretion renders a judgment on a motion, in the absence of legal error, the sole question for determination is whether there is any evidence to authorize and support that exercise of discretion.

( Citations and punctuation omitted.) Archie v. Scott, 190 Ga.App. 145, 147(3), 378 S.E.2d 182 (1989).

After Peterson filed her motion for extension of time, the trial court held a hearing on the motions to dismiss the complaint for failure to comply with the affidavit requirement. There is no transcript of that hearing in the record. Subsequently, Peterson, at the request of the trial court, filed a supplemental brief in support of her request for an extension of time to file her expert's affidavit. Afterward, the motions to dismiss were granted. Although the trial court's order made no specific finding that Peterson failed to show "good cause" sufficient to support an extension, the record shows the motion was considered by the trial court....