Petition of Correia

• Decision Date: 07 November 1986
• Docket Number: No. 85-484,85-484
• Citation: 519 A.2d 263,128 N.H. 717
• Parties: Petition of Robert CORREIA. (New Hampshire Department of Labor)
• Court: New Hampshire Supreme Court

Page 263

519 A.2d 263

128 N.H. 717

Petition of Robert CORREIA. (New Hampshire Department of Labor)

No. 85-484.

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

Nov. 7, 1986.

Shaheen, Cappiello, Stein & Gordon, Concord (Gregory Martin, on brief and orally), for petitioner.

Wadleigh, Starr, Peters, Dunn & Chiesa, Manchester (Theodore Wadleigh, on brief and orally), for respondents, Riverslea Farms and Ins. Co. of North America.

SOUTER, Justice.

On review under writ of certiorari to the department of labor, the petitioning claimant for workers' compensation benefits argues that the date of disability should govern the calculation of a weekly temporary partial disability award under RSA 281:25 and a scheduled permanent impairment award under RSA 281:26 (Supp.1985). We disagree and affirm the decision below.

On October 18, 1983, in the course of the petitioner's employment at Riverslea Farms in Epping, a horse kicked him in the back. The petitioner continued to work at the time, and x-rays taken the next day revealed no damage. Over the course of the next three months, however, pain developed in his back, left shoulder and left arm, and he experienced numbness in some of his left fingers. On January 20, 1984, he stopped working because of the pain, and in February he underwent surgery to alleviate it. Despite the operation and therapy thereafter, his symptoms persisted, although he was well enough to take a less physically-demanding job in July, 1984. A specialist examined him and reported on his condition in November, 1984, and after a further examination, the same specialist reported in February, 1985, that the symptoms were unchanged and the left arm was permanently disabled by 30%.

At appropriate times, the petitioner sought workers' compensation benefits under RSA 281:25 for temporary partial disability, and under RSA 281:26 (Supp.1985) for permanent impairment to his left arm. Weekly benefits under the former section, and specific scheduled awards under the latter, are calculated by reference to a claimant's average weekly wage over a twelve-week, or longer, period. See RSA 281:2, VII(1). In calculating the weekly partial disability payments, the labor department determined the average wage by reference to the period preceding the kicking incident in October, 1983. In calculating the award for permanent impairment of the arm, the department first looked to the average wage for the period preceding the specialist's assessment of permanent partial impairment in February, 1985. But because the defendant's average wage at his new job was then less than the average wage at the time he was kicked, the labor department used the earlier figure in calculating the impairment award.

The petitioner claimed that the department should have based each set of benefits on an average wage determined by reference to a third date, in January, 1985, when his disability led him to leave his job at Riverslea. His average wage then was higher than on the date of the kick or on the date that the specialist assessed the permanent partial disability of the arm. He accordingly brought this petition for certiorari to review the labor department's awards. See Cooper v. Roy M. Wright, Inc., 121 N.H. 181, 183, 427 A.2d 51, 52 (1981).

The petitioner's position is best approached through an examination of the statutory provisions in question and our prior cases that bear on their meaning. So far as it is relevant here, RSA 281:25 authorizes weekly compensation for partial disability by providing that

"Where the disability for work resulting from an injury is partial, the employer, or his insurance carrier, ... shall pay to the injured employee a weekly compensation equal to 66 2/3 percent of the difference between his average weekly wage before the injury and the average weekly wage which he is able to earn thereafter...."

By distinguishing between "injury" and "disability," the terms of this provision imply that when injury and disability are not simultaneous, the date of the injury must be taken as the point from which to calculate the average weekly wage as a basis for awarding benefits. This reading is consistent with the accepted meaning of the companion provision for weekly benefits for permanent disability, RSA 281:23, which is subject to a longstanding construction that began with Bee v. Chicopee Mfg. Corp., 94 N.H. 478, 481-82, 55 A.2d 897, 900 (1947). There we reasoned that the date of an "accident" as used in R.L. 216:22, the predecessor of the present RSA 281:23, was the date of what earlier law had spoken of as the "injury," each of which was distinguishable from the date on which actual disability might follow. Bee, supra at 482, 55 A.2d at 900. We held that the average weekly wage was to be determined by reference to the date of the accident producing the disability, as distinguished from the onset of the disability produced. This result was affirmed in Davis v. Manchester, 100 N.H. 335, 341, 126 A.2d 254, 258 (1956), construing former RSA 281:24 (repealed 1963; now covered by RSA 281:23; see note at RSA 281:24). We held that injury is understood to occur at the time of accident, which is the point at which to establish the average weekly wage when calculating weekly benefits for a later incapacity resulting from the accident and injury. Id. at 339, 126 A.2d at 257.

Although the legislature has recodified the statute since Bee, and has amended it since Davis, the legislative modifications do not indicate any intent to disturb the earlier statutory interpretations, which are understood to have been adopted. See Krewski v. Hooksett, 98 N.H. 175, 176, 96 A.2d 738, 739 (1953); Bolduc v. Company, 96 N.H. 235, 238, 73 A.2d 115, 118 (1950). It is consequently apparent that the department of labor followed established statutory construction in looking to the average weekly wage preceding the kick in 1983, when it calculated weekly benefits for a period after the onset of disability in 1984.

Turning to the provision for permanent impairment, RSA 281:26 (Supp.1985) authorizes compensation for the loss of...