PHILADELPHIA MOVING PICTURE MACH. OP. U., LOC. NO. 307 v. NLRB

• Decision Date: 01 August 1967
• Docket Number: No. 16119.,16119.
• Citation: 382 F.2d 598
• Parties: PHILADELPHIA MOVING PICTURE MACHINE OPERATORS' UNION, LOCAL NO. 307, I. A. T. S. E., Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

382 F.2d 598 (1967)

PHILADELPHIA MOVING PICTURE MACHINE OPERATORS' UNION, LOCAL NO. 307, I. A. T. S. E., Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Respondent.

No. 16119.

United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.

Argued May 2, 1967.

Decided August 1, 1967.

James J. Leyden, Philadelphia, Pa. (Herbert G. Keene, Jr., Schnader, Harrison, Segal & Lewis, Philadelphia, Pa., on the brief), for petitioner.

Warren M. Davison, Atty., N.L.R.B., Washington, D. C. (Arnold Ordman, Gen. Counsel, Dominick L. Manoli, Associate Gen. Counsel, Marcel Mallet-Prevost, Asst. Gen. Counsel, Linda R. Sher, Atty., N.L.R.B., on the brief), for respondent.

Before McLAUGHLIN, HASTIE and SEITZ, Circuit Judges.

OPINION OF THE COURT

HASTIE, Circuit Judge.

In this case the National Labor Relations Board has found that Philadelphia Motion Picture Machine Operators' Union, Local No. 307, I.A.T.S.E., has violated section 8(b) (1) (A) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, 29 U.S.C. § 158(b) (1) (A), by expelling Velio Iacobucci from union membership because he had caused another operator, who was not a union member, to file with the Board an unfair labor practice charge against the union. The union has asked us to review and set aside that decision and the Board has asked that we enforce its corrective order.

Within the union four specific charges were brought against Iacobucci. The first three admittedly stated grounds justifying expulsion from membership. The fourth charge was that Iacobucci had caused one Philip Cusat, a non-union operator, to file an unfair labor practice charge with the Board alleging unlawful union conduct. A local trial committee found Iacobucci guilty of all four charges and recommended to the membership that he be expelled. The membership voted to expel him as recommended. Iacobucci then initiated the present unfair labor practice proceeding.

The trial examiner, whose rulings were adopted by the Board, concluded that the union had violated section 8(b) (1) (A) in that it had interfered with an employee's "guaranteed right to invoke the Board's processes in order to determine whether * * * the union was engaged in violations of the Act", citing Local 138, International Union of Operating Engineers and Charles S. Skura, 1964, 148 N.L.R.B. 679 and Roberts v. NLRB, 1965, 121 U.S.App.D.C. 297, 350 F.2d 427. The Board ordered the union to cease and desist from such practices and to reinstate Iacobucci.

As briefed and argued, this case presents the question whether a union commits an unfair labor practice when it discharges a member on the basis of four charges, three of which are valid grounds for expulsion and the fourth an improper ground under the Act. But, as the union points out, there is also before us the question whether expulsion upon the fourth ground alone would violate the Act.

We first consider the causative relation between the fourth charge and Iacobucci's expulsion. The union points out that, after Iacobucci had complained to the Board, the union's local trial committee formally asserted that "even if this fourth charge had not been filed, the Report and Recommendation of the Trial Committee would have been the same". But whatever significance this after-the-event self-serving declaration may have as an indication of the thinking which underlay the committee's recommendation, it affords no justification for assuming that the membership viewed and treated the fourth charge as surplusage. The membership voted expulsion pursuant to a recommendation which set out four specifications of misconduct. Nothing was done to indicate that this action was based upon any specification more or less than upon any other. Accordingly, the Board properly concluded and ruled that Iacobucci's expulsion was motivated and caused in part by the fourth specification. Certainly, the record would not support a finding that the membership would have reached the same conclusion in the absence of the fourth specification.

In other cases it has been held that an employer commits an unfair labor practice when he dismisses an employee partly on valid grounds and partly for a cause unlawful under the Act. NLRB v. Barberton Plastics Products, Inc., 6th Cir., 1965, 354 F.2d 66; NLRB v. Great Eastern Color Lithographic Corp., 2d Cir., 1962, 309 F.2d 352, cert. denied 373 U.S. 950, 83 S.Ct. 1680, 10 L.Ed.2d 705. By parity of reasoning, the same rule should and does apply to union action in dismissing a worker from membership.

Our conclusion on this first point makes it necessary that we also decide the second point, whether a union violates section 8(b) (1) (A) by expelling a member for causing a non-member to file an unfair labor practice charge alleging improper union behavior. Section 8(b) (1) (A) reads in part:

"It shall be an unfair labor practice for a labor organization or its agents —

(1) to restrain or coerce (A) employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in section 7: Provided, That this paragraph shall not impair the right of a labor organization to prescribe its own rules with respect to the acquisition or retention of membership therein * * *."

Thus, this section is applicable to union interference with the right which section 7 confers on employees "to refrain from any or all * * * concerted activities except to the extent that such right may be affected by an agreement requiring membership in a labor organization as a condition of employment as authorized in section 8(a) (3)".

Although section 7 makes no specific mention of...