Pickens v. State, PCD 2002-983.

• Decision Date: 23 July 2003
• Docket Number: No. PCD 2002-983.,PCD 2002-983.
• Citation: 74 P.3d 601,2003 OK CR 16
• Parties: Darrin Lynn PICKENS, Petitioner, v. STATE of Oklahoma, Respondent.
• Court: United States State Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma. Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma

74 P.3d 601

2003 OK CR 16

Darrin Lynn PICKENS, Petitioner, v. STATE of Oklahoma, Respondent.

No. PCD 2002-983.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma.

July 23, 2003.

ORDER DENYING POST-CONVICTION RELIEF ON PROPOSITION TWO; ORDER GRANTING POST-CONVICTION RELIEF ON PROPOSITION ONE AND REMANDING TO THE DISTRICT COURT OF CREEK COUNTY FOR A JURY DETERMINATION ON THE ISSUE OF MENTAL RETARDATION

¶ 1 Petitioner, Darrin Lynn Pickens, was convicted by a jury in Creek County District Court, Case No. CF 1990-66, of First Degree Murder, while in the commission of Robbery with a Dangerous Weapon, in violation of 21 O.S.Supp.1989, § 701.7 (Count 1) and Feloniously Carrying a Firearm, in violation of 21 O.S.Supp.1989, § 1283 (Count 2). The jury set punishment at death on the murder conviction and at ten (10) years imprisonment on Count 2.¹ We affirmed Petitioner's conviction and death sentence for Murder in the First Degree, but we reversed Petitioner's conviction for Robbery with a Dangerous Weapon and remanded for a new trial. Pickens v. State, 2001 OK CR 3, 19 P.3d 866. Petitioner's first Application for Post-Conviction Relief was denied. Pickens v. State, PCD 2000-285 (Okl.Cr. August 30, 2001)(not for publication). His Petition for Writ of Certiorari was denied by the United States Supreme Court on June 28, 2002. Pickens v. Oklahoma, 536 U.S. 961, 122 S.Ct. 2668, 153 L.Ed.2d 842 (2002).

¶ 2 On October 14, 2002, Petitioner filed a Second Application for Post-Conviction Relief, pursuant to 22 O.S.2001, § 1089. Accompanying Petitioner's Application was a Motion for Evidentiary Hearing, filed pursuant to Rule 9.7(D), Rules of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, Title 22, Ch.18, App. (2002).

¶ 3 In this second Application for Post-Conviction Relief, Petitioner raises two claims:

1. In light of the Supreme Court's recent ruling that executions of the mentally retarded are cruel and unusual punishment, Petitioner's death sentence should be vacated and modified to a non-capital sentence. In the alternative, this case should be remanded for an evidentiary hearing to determine whether Petitioner's mental disabilities bar his execution, and

2. The trial court's failure to instruct the jury that a critical factor in the sentencing stage had to be found beyond a reasonable doubt deprived Mr. Pickens of a fair sentencing determination in violation of the Oklahoma Constitution and the Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.

¶ 4 Petitioner seeks review of Proposition Two on the merits as Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584, 122 S.Ct. 2428, 153 L.Ed.2d 556 (2002) set forth a new rule of constitutional law that was unavailable at the time of Petitioner's original Application for Post-Conviction Relief. See Rule 9.7(D) & (G), Rules of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, Title 22, Ch.18, App. (2002). Petitioner claims the jury instructions in his case were unconstitutional under the standard set forth in Ring,² because the jurors were not instructed it must find the aggravating circumstances outweighed the mitigating circumstances beyond a reasonable doubt. Petitioner argues the weighing determination is the essence of the decision the jury must make to impose the death penalty and thus must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Petitioner claims the failure to instruct the jury it must find the aggravating circumstances outweigh the mitigating evidence beyond a reasonable doubt "infects the very structure" of the capital sentencing proceeding and can never be harmless.

¶ 5 We considered and rejected this claim in Torres v. State, 2002 OK CR 35, 58 P.3d 214. There, we recognized the substantive element of capital murder in Oklahoma is the jury's finding of at least one aggravating circumstance necessary to support a capital death sentence. Torres, 2002 OK CR 35, ¶¶ 6-7,58 P.3d at 215. "It is that finding, not the weighing of aggravating and mitigating circumstances, that authorizes jurors to consider imposing a sentence of death." Id. The increase in punishment from life imprisonment without the possibility of parole to death is contingent on the factual finding of an aggravating circumstance beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.

¶ 6 The requirement set forth in Ring is satisfied by Oklahoma law which requires the jury to unanimously find any aggravating circumstance beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. The instructions given in the second stage of Pickens' trial satisfied this requirement and did not violate either the federal or Oklahoma constitutions. See Exhibit G, filed in support of Application. Therefore, post-conviction relief on Proposition Two is not warranted.

¶ 7 Petitioner argues review of Proposition One is authorized by Section 1089(D)(9), because the legal basis for the claim "was not recognized by" a final decision of the United States Supreme Court, until that Court's decision in Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 122 S.Ct. 2242, 153 L.Ed.2d 335 (2002). Prior to that decision, the execution of the mentally retarded was not considered cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302, 109 S.Ct. 2934, 106 L.Ed.2d 256 (1989). We rejected this claim in Petitioner's direct appeal based upon the Penry decision. Pickens, 2001 OK CR 3, ¶ 51, 19 P.3d at 883. We agree with Petitioner that review of this claim on the merits in this subsequent post-conviction application is authorized by the plain language of Section 1089(D)(9).

¶ 8 We also review this claim as a "new rule of constitutional law that was given retroactive effect by the United States Supreme Court or a court of appellate jurisdiction of this state and had not been announced before that date." 22 O.S.Supp.1998, § 1089(D)(9). In Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288, 311, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 1075-1076, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989), the Supreme Court held that new constitutional rules of criminal procedure would not be retroactively applied unless they (a) place "certain kinds of primary, private individual conduct beyond the power of the criminal law making authority to proscribe," or (b) are watershed rules of criminal procedure that implicate the fundamental fairness of the trial. In Penry, the Supreme Court specifically acknowledged that if it held that the Eighth Amendment prohibits the execution of mentally retarded persons such as Penry, we would be announcing a "new rule." Penry, 492 U.S. at 329, 109 S.Ct. at 2952. Such a new rule would "impose a new obligation on the States and Federal Government." Id.

¶ 9 It is clear the United States Supreme Court recognized a new constitutional rule barring the execution of the mentally retarded would fall outside Teague's ban on retroactive application of new constitutional rules because it placed the State's ability to execute that class of persons beyond the State's power. Penry, 492 U.S. at 330, 109 S.Ct. 2934; Hill v. Anderson, 300 F.3d 679, 681 (6th Cir.2002). In Murphy v. State, 2002 OK CR 32, ¶ 28, 54 P.3d 556, we recognized that, in light of Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 122 S.Ct. 2242, 153 L.Ed.2d 335 (2002), mentally retarded persons are no longer eligible for the death penalty. Murphy clearly shows this Court's intention to apply Atkins retroactively to those persons already on death row. Murphy at ¶ 36, 54 P.3d at 569.

¶ 10 We initially remanded this case for an evidentiary hearing on the issue of mental retardation. See Order Granting Motion for Evidentiary Hearing on Proposition One of Second Application for Post-Conviction Relief, Pickens v. State, PCD 2002-983 (Okl.Cr. November 19, 2002)(not for publication). We thereafter ordered the evidentiary hearing held in abeyance and directed the State to respond to Pickens' Second Application for Post-Conviction Relief. See Order Granting Motion to Hold Order Granting Evidentiary Hearing in Abeyance; Order Directing Response, Pickens v. State, PCD 2002-983 (Okl. Cr. December 13, 2002)(not for publication). The State of Oklahoma filed its Response on February 14, 2003.

¶ 11 Petitioner's Atkins claim of mental retardation must be resolved pursuant to the definition of mental retardation set forth in Murphy, 2002 OK CR 32, ¶ 31,54 P.3d at 556-557. For capital purposes, a mentally retarded person is one with significantly limited ability to intellectually and adaptively function in certain enumerated areas, who has at least one IQ test score of seventy (70) or below, and in whom the retardation manifested itself before the age of eighteen (18). Id. We find Petitioner has raised sufficient evidence to create a question of fact on the issue of mental retardation and hereby GRANT post-conviction relief on Proposition One. In accordance with Murphy, we remand this case for a jury determination on the question of mental retardation. 22 O.S.2001, § 1089(D)(5).

¶ 12 We recently set forth the procedure to be followed on remand in Lambert v. State, 2003 OK CR 11, ¶¶ 3-5, 71 P.3d 30, 31-32, and that same procedure should be followed in this case.

¶ 13 Accordingly, as set forth in this Order, post-conviction relief is DENIED on Proposition Two and GRANTED on Proposition One. It is the order of this Court that this case be REMANDED to the District Court of Creek County for a jury hearing on the issue of mental retardation, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Lambert. The hearing shall be held within one hundred and twenty (120) days from the date of this Order. The trial court shall file findings of fact and conclusions of law, including the jury's determination and any sentencing disposition, in this Court within forty-five (45) days from the conclusion of the jury proceeding. 22 O.S.2001, § 1089(D)(6).

¶ 14 IT IS SO ORDERED.

¶ 15 WITNESS OUR HANDS AND THE SEAL OF THIS COURT this 23rd day of July, 2003.

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