Pilch v. Ashcroft, 01-4253.

Decision Date30 December 2003
Docket NumberNo. 02-3779.,No. 02-2733.,No. 01-4253.,01-4253.,02-2733.,02-3779.
PartiesStanislaw PILCH and Zofia Pilch, Petitioners, v. John ASHCROFT, Attorney General of the United States, Respondent.
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Royal F. Berg (argued), Chicago, IL, for Petitioners.

George P. Katsivalis, Department of Homeland Security, Office of the District Counsel, Chicago, IL, Thomas K. Ragland (argued), Department of Justice, Civ. Div., Immigration Lit., Washington, DC, for Respondent.

Before BAUER, POSNER, and EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judges.

EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge.

Stanislaw and Zofia Pilch and their three children would prefer to remain in the United States rather than return to Poland, of which the parents are citizens. (The children, born in the United States during their parents' unauthorized presence, are citizens of this nation.) The parents sought discretionary relief from removal, contending that return to Poland would create extreme economic hardship. See 8 U.S.C. § 1254(a). In 1995 an immigration judge denied their application, in 1996 the Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed, and in 1997 we dismissed their petition for review, holding that federal courts lack jurisdiction to review the denial of discretionary relief based on claims of economic hardship. Pilch v. INS, 129 F.3d 969 (7th Cir.1997). More than six years later, the Pilch family is still in the United States, rehashing arguments that both the agency and this court have rejected.

Even before we dismissed their petition, the Pilches asked the Board to reconsider its decision. This motion complained that the Board had misstated the children's ages and should have discussed the bearing of Salameda v. INS, 70 F.3d 447 (7th Cir.1995). It was accompanied by a social worker's opinion that relocation to Poland would be harmful to the children, who are "totally American". While this was pending — and again before our 1997 decision — the Pilches filed a motion to reopen based on the fact that Zofia Pilch's employer had sponsored her application for a visa; both Pilches sought adjustment of status to permanent residence based on this application. Then in 1999 the Pilches filed a second motion to reopen, this time based on Section 203 of the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act of 1997, Pub.L. 105-100, 111 Stat. 2160, which despite its name provides benefits to aliens from Eastern Europe as well as those from this hemisphere. (The benefit the Pilches sought is discretionary adjustment of status, an option afforded by 8 U.S.C. § 1255 and extended to additional aliens by the 1997 statute.) In December 2001 the Board denied all three pending requests, holding in reliance on Matter of Shaar, 21 I. & N. Dec. 541 (BIA 1996), that, as unsuccessful applicants for discretionary relief who failed to depart as ordered, the Pilches are not eligible for any of the post-decision remedies sought by their motions. The parents filed a petition for judicial review of that decision; it has been docketed as No. 01-4253.

Before we could rule on that petition, the Pilches made still more requests of the Board. Although only one motion to reopen is permitted, see 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(6)(A); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2), the Pilches (who had filed two already) then filed two more. In an attempt at disguise, counsel captioned each as a motion asking the Board to act sua sponte — but, of course, if reopening were to occur in response to a motion, it could not have been sua sponte. See Calderon v. Thompson, 523 U.S. 538, 553-54, 118 S.Ct. 1489, 140 L.Ed.2d 728 (1998). These applications were dismissed — implying that the Board did not treat them as invitations to reflect on the appropriateness of sua sponte action — and the Pilches filed two more petitions for review, which we docketed as Nos. 02-2733 and 02-3779. These petitions are summarily dismissed. The statute does not allow aliens to file successive motions to reopen, and adding the words "sua sponte" to a successive motion does not change its character. There was nothing properly before the Board, and hence there is nothing for us to review. At all events, failure to reopen sua sponte is a discretionary decision that is unreviewable for much the same statutory reason we dismissed the petition in 1997. See Calle-Vujiles v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 472, 474 (3d Cir.2003) (collecting authority).

According to the Pilches, we should overrule our 1997 decision and at last review their claim on the merits. Doubtless we have the authority to do this; the law of the case does not deprive a court of the power to act, if firmly convinced (usually on the basis of intervening developments) that an error has been made. See Christianson v. Colt Industries Operating Corp., 486 U.S. 800, 108 S.Ct. 2166, 100 L.Ed.2d 811 (1988). But we do not perceive any error. Section 309(c)(4)(E) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) — a transitional provision that applies to the Pilches because their deportation proceedings began before the law's enactment but the BIA's decision was rendered more than 30 days after the IIRIRA became effective — provides that "there shall be no appeal of any discretionary decision under section ... 244 or 245 [8 U.S.C. §§ 1254, 1255] ... of the Immigration and Nationality Act (as in effect as of the date of the...

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