Pittman v. Swanson, 306

• Decision Date: 22 November 1961
• Docket Number: No. 306,306
• Citation: Pittman v. Swanson, 122 S.E.2d 814, 255 N.C. 681 (N.C. 1961)
• Parties: Clinton Ronald PITTMAN, by his Next Friend, Ethel B. Pittman, v. Donald Lee SWANSON.
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court

Page 814

122 S.E.2d 814

255 N.C. 681

Clinton Ronald PITTMAN, by his Next Friend, Ethel B. Pittman, v.Donald Lee SWANSON.

No. 306

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Nov. 22, 1961

John H. McMurray, Morganton, for plaintiff, appellant.

Patton & Ervin by Sam J. Ervin, III, Morganton, for defendant, appellee.

PARKER, Justice.

All of plaintiff's assignments of error, except formal ones, relate to the court's charge to the jury.

Plaintiff alleged in his complaint negligence on defendant's part in the operation of his automobile, as follows: One.He drove his automobile in a careless and reckless manner in violation of G.S. § 20-140.Two.When approaching and going around a curve, he failed to decrease his speed, but was operating and continued to operate his automobile at a speed greater than was reasonable and proper and prudent under the conditions then existing in violation of G.S. § 20-141.Three.He failed to keep his automobile under control.Four.He operated his automobile at a reckless, negligent and dangerous speed when approaching and going around a curve.Five.He drove his automobile off of the hard-surfaced highway at a dangerous speed, which caused it to overturn.And that such negligence was the sole and proximate cause of his injuries.

The court in its charge, after stating that actionable negligence consists of the two elements of negligence and proximate cause, and scantily defining negligence but not proximate cause, said it is also negligence for one to violate a statute that has been enacted for the public safety, and plaintiff invokes the alleged violation by defendant of one or more of our statutes.Then the court went on to charge as follows--some we summarize and some we quote: The statutory maximum speed limit on our highways is 55 miles an hour, and plaintiff alleges a violation of that statute.'We have a statute that provides that, notwithstanding the speed limitations, that a person shall not operate a car upon the public highways at a speed that is greater than reasonable and prudent under the conditions existing; and the conditions, of course, include such things as nature and type of the highway, grades, curves, lightness, darkness, weather--things of that sort; and he alleges the violation of that statute by the defendant.'And then the court quoted substantially the language in part of G.S. § 20-140 defining reckless driving, but omitting the words 'without due caution and circumspection' appearing in the statute.Then the court went on to charge that plaintiff in addition to proving negligence 'must also prove the negligence complained of was the direct, immediate or proximate cause of the injuries to himself.'That it doesn't matter how negligent a person is, if this negligence doesn't proximately, directly or immediately cause injury to another.This is all that the court charged in respect to the statutes of this State regulating the operation of automobiles, except in the part of the charge quoted in the next paragraph.

This is the court's application of the law to the evidence arising in the case in respect to the issue of defendant's negligence: 'The plaintiff is required to tip the scales of your minds in his favor to the extent that he proves by the greater weight of the evidence that the defendant, in the operation of the car, was negligent, either in driving his car at a speed which was greater than was reasonable and prudent under the conditions existing, or in operating it recklessly and heedlessly as I have defined that for you, or in failing to keep a proper lookout and see what was there to be seen---violating the rule of the reasonably prudent person in the operation of the car.If he has established by the greater weight of the evidence that the defendant was negligent in any one or more of those respects, and further has established by the greater weight of the evidence that without that negligence this accident would not have occurred--that it directly and immediately brought about and produced injury to the plaintiff, then, gentlemen of the jury, the plaintiff would be entitled to prevail in this issue and you would answer it 'Yes,' the issue being, 'Was the plaintiff injured by the negligence of the defendant, as alleged in the Complaint?"

G.S. § 20-141(a) provides, 'No person shall drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions then existing.'The same statute, section (b), sets forth the speed limits.The same statute, section (c), provides in relevant part, 'The fact that the speed of a vehicle is lower than the foregoing limits shall not relieve the driver from the duty to decrease speed * * *, when approaching and going around a curve, * * * and speed shall be decreased as may be necessary to avoid colliding with any person, vehicle, or other conveyance on or entering the highway, and to avoid causing injury to any person or property either on or off the highway, in compliance with legal requirements and the duty of all persons to use due care.'

The statute prescribes the standard of care, 'and the standard fixed by the Legislature is absolute.'Aldridge v. Hasty, 240 N.C. 353, 82 S.E.2d 331, 338.A violation of G.S. § 20-141(c) is negligence per se.Hutchens v. Southard, 254 N.C. 428, 119 S.E.2d 205.

Plaintiff assigns as error that the court failed in its charge to explain the statuteG.S. § 20-141(c) in respect to speed when approaching and going around a curve, and to apply it to the evidence arising in the case.

Plaintiff's evidence tends to show that defendant drove his automobile in the nighttime, when approaching and going around a very sharp, nearly 90 degrees, flat curve, which had sand on it, at a speed of 50 to 60 miles an hour, and...