Planned Parenthood of S. AZ. v. Lawall

• Citation: 193 F.3d 1042
• Decision Date: 22 October 1999
• Docket Number: No. 98-15862,98-15862
• Parties: (9th Cir. 1999) PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA, and its corporate chapter, Arizona Women's Clinic, Inc.; PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ARIZONA, INC.; FREDERIC N. STIMMELL, MD, individually and on behalf of his minor patients, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. BARBARA LAWALL, as County Attorney for the County of Pima, and as representative for all other prosecuting attorneys similarly situated throughout the State of Arizona, including without limitation City Attorneys; COCHISE COUNTY; CITY OF WILLIAMS, Gary Verberg as City Attorney of City of Williams; GILA COUNTY ATTORNEY, Defendants-Appellants, and TIM DELANEY, <A HREF="#fr1-*" name="fn1-*">* Acting Arizona Attorney General, Defendant-Intervenor Appellant. Filed
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (9th Circuit)

Page 1042

193 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 1999)

PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA, and its corporate chapter, Arizona Women's Clinic, Inc.; PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ARIZONA, INC.; FREDERIC N. STIMMELL, MD, individually and on behalf of his minor patients, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. BARBARA LAWALL, as County Attorney for the County of Pima, and as representative for all other prosecuting attorneys similarly situated throughout the State of Arizona, including without limitation City Attorneys; COCHISE COUNTY; CITY OF WILLIAMS, Gary Verberg as City Attorney of City of Williams; GILA COUNTY ATTORNEY, Defendants-Appellants, and TIM DELANEY,^* Acting Arizona Attorney General, Defendant-Intervenor Appellant.

No. 98-15862

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

Filed October 22, 1999

NOTE: SEE OPINION AT 180 F.3d 1022.

Before: Herbert Y. C. Choy and A. Wallace Tashima, Circuit Judges, and Jane A. Restani, Court of International Trade Judge.^**

ORDER

The opinion filed June 9, 1999, is amended as follows:

On slip opinion page 6025 (180 F.3d at 1029), footnote 8 is amended to read as follows:

8. The evidence in the district court was that during the period from August 1, 1981, to March 1, 1986, 3,573 judicial bypass petitions were filed in the Minnesota courts. The majority of these petitions were filed in three metropolitan counties, where courts scheduled bypass hearings on a regular basis and had procedures in place for hearing emergency petitions. The courts in non-metropolitan counties were acquainted with the statute and, for the most part, applied it conscientiously. Typically, a minor waited only two or three days to schedule a petition hearing. See Hodson, 497 U.S. at 440

On slip opinion page 6025 (180 F.3d at 1029, left-hand column), at the end of the first complete paragraph, add a new sentence: "The Court, however, has never considered a facial challenge to a judicial bypass provision without specific time limits and containing only a general directive to the courts to proceed expeditiously.

On slip opinion page 6026 (180 F.3d at 1029, right-hand column), at the end of the carryover paragraph (ending with "Hodson has little bearing on the status of S 36-2152(D)."), add a new footnote 9, as follows:

9. Hodgson also was an as applied challenge to Minnesota's judicial bypass statute. See Hodgson v. Minnesota, 648 F. Supp. 756, 770 (D. Minn. 1986) ("Second, plaintiffs contend that even with the judicial bypass procedure of sub. 6 incorporated as subd. 2(c) by virtue of this court's temporary restraining order . . ., S 144.343(2)-(7), as applied in Minnesota, unduly burdens the fourteenth amendment due process rights of pregnant minors.") (emphasis added). See also id. at 766 ("The court heard testimony of judges who collectively have adjudicated over 90 percent of the parental notification petitions filed since August 1, 1981."); Hodgson, 497 U.S. at 430(the as-applied challenge was decided only after a five-week trial). As stated at the beginning of our opinion, we deal here with a challenge to the facial validity of the Arizona statute.

Renumber the remaining footnotes accordingly.

With the foregoing amendments the panel has voted to deny the petition for rehearing. A judge of the court called for rehearing en banc, but the call failed to receive a majority of the votes cast by the nonrecused active judges of the court. The petition for rehearing and the petition for rehearing en banc are denied.

O'SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judge, with whom T.G. NELSON and KLEINFELD, Circuit Judges, join, dissenting:

The court's refusal to reconsider this case en banc allows a federal court to invalidate, for the second time, a duly enacted Arizona statute regulating abortion.¹ This time around, the court flouts Supreme Court precedent. I respectfully dissent.

It is difficult to imagine a decision more appropriate for en banc reconsideration than this one. First, the case is one of the utmost gravity. Federal courts must act with the greatest circumspection when we override a state's democratic processes to strike down its enactments as unconstitutional. We are legitimately charged with interpreting and enforcing the supreme law of the land--even at the cost of frustrating the will of electoral majorities--but it has never been doubted that on such occasions we must do so with heightened deliberation. Second, the panel's opinion all but ignores a Supreme Court precedent that compels the conclusion that Arizona's statute is, in fact, perfectly constitutional. Third, the panel's opinion introduces, without much deliberation at all, a novel and untenable standard in this circuit for facial attacks upon statutes regulating abortion. This new standard defies Supreme Court precedent and turns the law of facial challenges to statutes on its head. If consistently applied, this standard will render almost any statute regulating abortion impossible to defend against facial attack.

I

Under Arizona's judicial bypass procedure, a minor seeking an abortion who does not want to tell her parents or cannot obtain their consent may obtain permission from a judge. The judicial bypass procedure provides that a hearing to determine whether a minor may obtain an abortion "shall have precedence over other pending matters," A.R.S. S 362152(D), and that "[t]he court shall reach the decision promptly and without delay to serve the best interest of a pregnant minor," id. (emphases added). A minor may make an "expedited" appeal from a judge's denial of permission and has access to the courts for the purpose of making this appeal "twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week." Id. S 36-2152(E).

In Bellotti v. Baird, 443 U.S. 622 (1979) (plurality opinion) ("Bellotti II"), the Supreme Court indicated that a state must provide a judicial bypass procedure in parental-consent statutes that "assure[s] that a resolution of the issue, and any appeals that may follow, will be completed with anonymity and sufficient expedition to provide an effective opportunity for an abortion to be obtained." Id. at 644 (emphases added). In applying the requirements of Bellotti II in this case, the panel held that the Arizona statute's lack of specific time limits at the trial court level "hinders any effective opportunity for obtaining an abortion, because the trial court could delay the bypass procedure for a sufficient period to render it practically unavailable." 180 F.3d at 1028.

This holding flies in the face of the Supreme Court's decision in Hodgson v. Minnesota, 497 U.S. 417 (1990) (plurality opinion). In Hodgson, five Justices (with Justice O'Connor writing separately) upheld the judicial bypass provision of a Minnesota parental-notice statute that imposed no specific time-limits on the courts' disposition of bypass petitions. Hodgson must control the case before us, for the relevant language of Minnesota's bypass provision was essentially identical to that of the Arizona statute invalidated by the panel in this case. Compare Ariz. Rev. Stat. S 36-2152(D) (1996) ("The court shall reach the decision promptly and without delay . . . ." (emphases added)) with Minn. Stat. S 144.343(6)(iii) (1980 & Supp. 1981) ("Proceedings in the court . . . shall be given such precedence over other pending matters so that the court may reach a decision promptly and without delay . . . ." (emphases added)).

The panel held that Hodgson was distinguishable because there was evidence that Minnesota's courts processed bypass applications in a timely fashion, whereas in the instant case there is no evidence that Arizona processes judicial bypass applications in a manner that is timely or otherwise². 180 F.3d at 1028. The panel's attempt to distinguish Hodgson is profoundly unpersuasive and represents a novel and utterly untenable deviation from the settled law of facial challenges.

First, none of the Justices who voted in Hodgson to uphold the judicial bypass provision without time-limits relied on-or even noted--any evidence that Minnesota processed judicial bypass petitions in a timely fashion. The Justices simply concluded as a matter of course that the statute passed constitutional muster both on its face and as applied. The citation to the evidence of timely processing of petitions in Hodgson was made by Justice Stevens, see Hodgson 497 U.S. at 44042, who voted (unlike the Hodgson majority) to invalidate Minnesota's judicial bypass provision. It is simply disingenuous for the panel to have declared as central to the Hodgson Court's judgment facts that were adduced solely by a Justice who dissented from that judgment. The plain meaning of the majority's opinions in Hodgson compels the conclusion that the Supreme Court's decision squarely controls the case before us.

Even more troubling is the panel's suggestion that, in order to defend against a facial attack upon a statute regulating abortion, the State now bears the burden of showing that there is no significant risk of the statute's unconstitutional application.³ This cannot be correct. The panel's apparent reallocation of the evidentiary burden on a facial challenge is a fundamental deviation from established constitutional jurisprudence. If the State bore the burden, as the panel mistakenly believed was implied in Hodgson, a facial challenge to a state statute would not be "the most difficult challenge to mount successfully," Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U.S. 173, 183 (1991), but the easiest. Indeed, a facial challenge to any newly effective statute regulating abortion would be, under the panel's ruling, absolutely indefeasible. Before it has enforced its new statute, the State would have no opportunity to show that its efforts to do so would be consistently constitutional. The result is tantamount to holding that every facial challenge to a reason-ably drafted statute regulating abortion is a surefire winner-an obviously extravagent contention, but perhaps one intended by the panel.

Put another way,...