Polisnik v. United States, 14089.

• Decision Date: 08 September 1958
• Docket Number: No. 14089.,14089.
• Citation: 104 US App. DC 136,259 F.2d 951
• Parties: Louis POLISNIK, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit

104 US App. DC 136, 259 F.2d 951 (1958)

Louis POLISNIK, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.

No. 14089.

United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit.

Argued May 23, 1958.

Decided September 8, 1958.

Mr. Bruce G. Sundlun, Washington, D. C. (appointed by this court) for appellant. Mr. Gilbert Hahn, Jr., Washington, D. C., also entered an appearance for appellant.

Mr. John D. Lane, Asst. U. S. Atty., with whom Messrs. Oliver Gasch, U. S. Atty., Carl W. Belcher and Victor W. Caputy, Asst. U. S. Attys., were on the brief, for appellee.

Before FAHY and WASHINGTON, Circuit Judges, and LARAMORE, Judge, United States Court of Claims.^*

FAHY, Circuit Judge.

Appellant was found guilty on eight counts of forging and uttering four checks in the month of September and November 1953. He appeals from the ensuing judgment.

The principal problem, as it seems to us, grows out of the defense of insanity. In support of this defense testimony was given by Dr. Samuel Leopold, a psychiatrist who was Mental Director at the Municipal Court of Philadelphia and Director of its Neuropsychiatric Department. He had examined appellant in 1954 and found he was "in a disorganized mental state of an old schizophrenic." In addition, there were offered in evidence numerous records of institutions to which appellant had been admitted at various times. These institutions were (1) Bellevue City Hospital, New York, New York (1941), the records of which indicated appellant had "psychotic tendencies"; (2) Mattawan State Hospital, Beacon, New York, a hospital for the criminally insane (February 1942-September 1944), the records of which indicated appellant had "psychosis with a psychopathic personality"; (3) the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners, Springfield, Missouri (1936-1938), the records of which indicated he had a "schizophrenia, paranoid type, improved"; (4) the Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx, New York (1946-47), the records of which indicated he had a "psychopathic personality with a paranoid type"; (5) Veterans Administration examination of 1949; and (6) Veterans Administration rating of 1933 and 1942, the latter of which indicated that he had a "psychopathic personality paranoid type."¹ As we have seen these records indicated generally that appellant was "schizophrenic-paranoid type."² Insofar as they were diagnostic of appellant's mental condition, however, the records were excluded from evidence, the District Court relying upon New York Life Ins. Co. v. Taylor, 79 U.S.App.D.C. 66, 147 F.2d 297, the rule in which case has been reaffirmed by this court en banc in Lyles v. United States, 103 U.S.App. D.C. 22, 254 F.2d 725, certiorari denied 356 U.S. 961, 78 S.Ct. 997, 2 L.Ed.2d 1067. We feel bound by these decisions to sustain the exclusionary rulings of the District Court.³

In the face of appellant's history, thus revealed to the trial court, we think the court was under the duty of scrupulously avoiding any action that might prevent an impartial consideration by the jury of such evidence as was put before it on the insanity issue. We think there was a failure in this respect. Dr. Leopold, the psychiatrist who testified — the Mental Director, Municipal Court of Philadelphia — said that appellant had been in several mental hospitals and assumed he had been for quite a few years in the schizophrenic condition the doctor described. The witness said that he was not giving an opinion as to whether the forgeries were the product of this psychosis which he diagnosed in 1954, as the appellant could have been in a state of remission. The witness repeated, however, that the condition he diagnosed in 1954 had been in existence for several years.

The court itself then detailed the alleged forgeries and asked Dr. Leopold whether appellant's actions, thus described by the court, could accompany or be the product of the type of mental disease the doctor found. The doctor replied they could be present but were not diagnostic of the disease. In answer to a further question of the court he said that if the forgeries were planned deliberately and carried out over a period of months his opinion was that the accused was not in a disturbed psychotic state. In his further testimony, however, in answer to defense counsel's reexamination he said that appellant at the time the checks were allegedly forged and passed might have been suffering from a psychosis, adding that he had "seen individuals who have been suffering with a psychosis and yet able to carry on in a fairly normal manner," and he supposed one could be very clever at the time and still be suffering from a psychosis. Notwithstanding this the trial judge stated to the jury in his charge that Dr. Leopold testified that, if the appellant "had been in a disturbed state at the time, he could not have planned and carried out the crimes charged in this indictment." This seems to us to have pointedly conveyed to the jury an inaccurate appraisal by the court of the full meaning of the crucial...