Post v. State

• Court: Arizona Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: ROSS, J.
• Citation: Post v. State, 41 Ariz. 23, 15 P.2d 246 (Ariz. 1932)
• Decision Date: 18 October 1932
• Docket Number: Criminal 781
• Parties: WILLIE POST, Appellant, v. STATE, Respondent

15 P.2d 246

41 Ariz. 23

WILLIE POST, Appellant, v. STATE, Respondent

Criminal No. 781

Supreme Court of Arizona

October 18, 1932

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of the County of Yuma. Henry C. Kelly, Judge. Judgment affirmed.

Mr William H. Westover, for Appellant.

Mr. K Berry Peterson, Attorney General, Mr. J. R. McDougall Assistant Attorney General, and Mr. Glenn Copple, County Attorney, for the State.

OPINION

ROSS, J.

The defendant Willie Post was convicted of statutory rape upon one Angelita de Lintt. He has appealed from the order overruling his motion for new trial and also from the judgment of conviction.

Ample evidence of the carnal act, at the time and place alleged, to wit, May -- , 1931, in Yuma county, was introduced by the state, and its sufficiency to support those ingredients of the offense is not questioned. While defendant's plea of not guilty put in issue all of the material allegations of the information, his evidence was largely, if not entirely, limited to an effort to show that the prosecutrix was eighteen years of age or over at the time of the alleged act. The prosecutrix, her mother and her stepfather testified that the former was but sixteen years of age in May, 1931. The records of the public schools of Yuma county were introduced in evidence by the defense and showed that the prosecutrix attended such schools in 1918, and the superintendent of the schools testified that at that time no pupils were admitted under five or five and one-half years of age. The records of the schools also showed that the prosecutrix was registered as a pupil in 1928, 1929, and 1930, and, according to such registrations, she was under eighteen years of age in May, 1931.

The prosecution, as a part of its case on that issue, offered Eugene F. Sanguinetti as a witness. This witness testified that he had known the prosecutrix from 1918, when her mother commenced to work for him as an employee at his home; that she was often around his home and that he saw her a number of times and "had an opportunity to observe her age and appearance." He was then asked by the county attorney: "How old would you say she was at the time you first saw her?" to which question defendant objected on the ground that "no sufficient foundation has been laid." The objection was overruled and the witness answered: "When I first saw the girl she seemed to me about three and a half or four years old. She was very diminutive -- She might have been more than that, but she was a very diminutive girl." On his cross-examination he said: "I didn't scrutinize her for age." The admission of this testimony is assigned as error. It is not questioned that a witness who has had adequate opportunity for observation and who describes the appearance of another person may be permitted to give his opinion as to such person's age. But it is contended that it was not shown that Sanguinetti had seen and observed the prosecutrix sufficiently in 1918 to express an intelligent opinion as to her age at that time, and that his description of her appearance as of that period afforded no basis for the jury to determine whether his opinion as to her age was justified. The rule, as stated in the cases, requires that the witness first describe the appearance of the person whose age is in question and then state his opinion of age based on the appearance of that person as he has described it. The description is necessary to enable the jury to determine whether the opinion of the witness has any reasonable foundation or basis. People v. Davidson, 240 Ill. 191, 88 N.E. 565; Tuite v. Supreme Forest Woodmen Circle, 193 Mo.App. 619, 187 S.W. 137; State v. Grubb, 55 Kan. 678, 41 P. 951; People v. Limeberry, 298 Ill. 355, 131 N.E. 691; 16 C.J. 749, § 1533; 52 C.J. 1073, § 99.

It seems to us the witness stated facts showing his opportunity to observe the prosecutrix sufficient upon which to base an opinion of her age. He says she was often around his home and that he saw her a number of times in 1918; that she was a very diminutive girl. His description of her was very meager. It was confined to her size. It is no doubt a biological fact that the size of a child, while not a true or certain criterion of age, is, nevertheless, a criterion, especially when the child is very small. While the description of the child upon which he based his opinion was not as full and complete as it might have been, it did not go to the competency of his opinion, but rather to its weight.

The Yuma schools records of 1918 contained the names Angelita de Lintt and Angelita Delin. On the theory that Angelita de Lintt and Angelita Delin was the same person, defendant asked the superintendent of the Yuma schools the question: "What is the age given there of Angelita Delin?" Upon objection that it was incompetent the witness was not permitted to answer. This ruling is assigned as error. It is stated by counsel for defendant that the name "de Lintt" is French and that in such language the t's are silent, and he argues from that that the teacher who registered the pupil did so on sound and wrote it "D-e-l-i-n." He invokes the rule of idem sonans. Granting that he is correct, we cannot see where defendant was hurt by the ruling. The superintendent of the schools had already testified that no pupils were accepted under five or five and one-half years of age. Therefore, if the child was registered under either or both names, she must have, according to this testimony, given her age as at least five or five and one-half years.

Defendant next complains that the assistant county attorney and the county attorney in their arguments to the jury commented on his failure to be a witness in his own behalf. Section 5179, Revised Code of Arizona 1928, enables a defendant in a criminal action to be a witness in his own behalf but states that "his neglect or refusal to be a witness . . . cannot in any manner prejudice him, nor be used against him on the trial or proceedings." It is claimed that the county attorney and the assistant county attorney violated this section of the statute by commenting upon the fact that defendant did not testify. No objection was made to the remarks of the assistant county attorney, and therefore no question in regard to them is reserved for review in this court. Strickland v. State, 37 Ariz. 368, 294 P. 617; Britt v. State, 25 Ariz. 419, 218 P. 981. The language of the county attorney, the objection to it, and the court's ruling are as follows:

"Now gentlemen of the jury, Mr. Westover says: Why didn't (I) bring Mr. Farrer in here? Why didn't I? I will answer that question. . . . In the first place, Mr Farrar or whoever sold that stuff violated the law. . . . That is the reason in the first place, and...