Powers v. Dept. of Employment Services, 87-1266.

• Decision Date: 30 November 1989
• Docket Number: No. 87-1266.,87-1266.
• Citation: 566 A.2d 1068
• Parties: Sylvester W. POWERS, Petitioner, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, Respondent. National Geographic Society and The Hartford Insurance Company, Intervenors.
• Court: D.C. Court of Appeals

566 A.2d 1068

Sylvester W. POWERS, Petitioner, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, Respondent.

National Geographic Society and The Hartford Insurance Company, Intervenors.

No. 87-1266.

District of Columbia Court of Appeals.

Argued December 9, 1988.

Decided November 30, 1989.

Michael V. Kowalski, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.

Herbert 0. Reid, Sr., Acting Corp. Counsel, Charles L. Reischel, Deputy Corp. Counsel, Mary L. Wilson, Asst. Corp. Counsel, Washington, D.C., filed a brief, for respondent.

William S. Hopkins, Washington, D.C., for intervenor.

Before NEWMAN, BELSON and STEADMAN, Associate Judges.

STEADMAN, Associate Judge:

Powers suffered a back injury at work and could no longer perform all the duties required by his old job with the National Geographic Society. Nevertheless, the Society retained him in a light-duty job at his former wage level. Several months later the employee resigned in order to take a higher-paying job with the U.S. Postal Service. After a few weeks, he quit because the duties of the new job were too rough on his injured back. The Society refused to rehire him. It took Powers about five months to find new employment. Powers filed a claim for workers' compensation benefits covering this five-month period, which was denied by the Director of the Department of Employment Services (DOES). He appeals to this court.

Section 36-301(8) of the D.C. Workers' Compensation Act defines "disability" as incapacity because of injury which "results in the loss of wages." D.C.Code 36-301(8) (1988). "Wages" in turn are defined as "the money rate at which the service rendered is recompensed under the contract of hiring in force at the time of the injury." D.C.Code § 36-301(19) (1988). The Director reasoned that since subsequent to the injury Powers was receiving from the Society the same wages as at the time of the injury, he was suffering no "loss of wages" on account of the injury and hence was not "disabled" within the meaning of the Act.¹ Thus, at the time Powers decided to resign, he occupied the same position as any other employee who voluntarily determines to leave his or her employment. Furthermore, the Act provides that "if an employee voluntarily limits his income . . . then his wages after becoming disabled shall be deemed to be the amount he would earn if he did not voluntarily limit his income." D.C.Code § 36-308(3)(V), (5). Powers' departure from his job with the Society, voluntarily entailing a risk of wage diminution as a result of subsequent events, was considered as falling within this general principle.²

"Some of the most complex disability questions arise when claimant first gets some kind of employment after his injury and later becomes unemployed. Claimant's subsequent unemployment may be a combination of the physical disadvantage, general economic conditions, the operation of union seniority rules, and perhaps other factors, such as his discharge for misconduct or his voluntary quitting of his job." 2 A. LARSON, WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW § 57.62 (1987). On the precise question presented here, the Director correctly notes that some other jurisdictions have held that there is no right to compensation benefits when an employee resigns, not for reasons related to the injury or disability, but for economic reasons to take a better paying job. Otherwise put, any casual link is thereby severed. See LARSON, supra, at § 57.64(b); Bryant v. Industrial Comm'n, 21 Ariz.App. 356, 519 P.2d 209 (1974); Pearl v. Builders Iron Foundry, 73 R.I. 304, 55 A.2d 282 (1947).³

"The agency's interpretation of the statute it administers is binding on this court unless it conflicts with the plain meaning of the statute or its legislative history. Indeed, we must sustain the agency's interpretation even if a petitioner advances another reasonable interpretation of the statute or if we might have been...