Pre-Fit Door, Inc. v. Dor-Ways, Inc.

• Court: Arizona Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: HOWARD
• Citation: Pre-Fit Door, Inc. v. Dor-Ways, Inc., 477 P.2d 557, 13 Ariz.App. 438 (Ariz. App. 1970)
• Decision Date: 07 December 1970
• Docket Number: INC,CA-CIV,PRE-FIT,No. 2,DOR-WAY,2
• Parties: DOOR, INC., an Arizona corporation, Appellant, v., an Arizona corporation, and R. D. Allen, Appellees. 860.

Page 557

477 P.2d 557

13 Ariz.App. 438

PRE-FIT DOOR, INC., an Arizona corporation, Appellant, v. DOR-WAYS, INC., an Arizona corporation, and R. D. Allen, Appellees.

No. 2 CA-CIV 860.

Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 2.

Dec. 7, 1970.

D'Antonio & Videen by Lawrence P. D'Antonio, Tucson, for appellant.

Miller, Pitt & Feldman, by James C. Carruth, Tucson, for appellees.

HOWARD, Chief Judge.

The action below was based upon an alleged wrongful interference with contractual relations and conversion. Appellant was the plaintiff below and appellees were the defendants. We will refer to the parties as they appeared below. Plaintiff, at times, will also be referred to as 'Pre-Fit.'

On September 1, 1967, an agreement was entered into between Sunset Industries, Inc., a California corporation, and Ben H. Schermerhorn which resulted in the acquisition of three Arizona corporations by Sunset Industries, Inc. As part of the acquisition agreement, Sunset Industries acquired an option to purchase the plaintiff corporation which was headquartered in Tucson. The option ran for one year and was exercisable on or before September 1, 1968.

The business conducted by plaintiff was the manufacture and sale of pre-hung wooden and metal doors for use in building construction. Plaintiff also sold allied hardware items. The pre-hung wooden door production consisted of 90% Of the plaintiff's business.

During the spring and early summer of 1968, certain of the officers and employees of the plaintiff determined to form an independent door plant in the event that Sunset Industries, Inc. did exercise its option to acquire Pre-Fit. The men involved in this decision were Mr. Schermerhorn, the defendant R. D. Allen, Ralph Younker and his son Bruce Younker, and Michael Fisher. Mr. Schermerhorn and defendant Allen sought legal advice concerning their right to do this should the option be exercised and were informed that they could do so.

In order to be ready to open the new and independent door plant, should the option of Sunset Industries to acquire the plaintiff be exercised, defendant placed an order with Ruvo Automation, Inc. for the purchase of the door machinery necessary to produce pre-hung door units. Ruvo Automation, Inc. was a manufacturer of automatic woodwork machinery but had not manufactured the machinery that was then being used by plaintiff and with which the defendants were familiar. The order was placed on or about April 12, 1968 by defendant Allen on a Pre-Fit, Inc. purchase order form.

On August 1, 1968, without prior notice or warning, personnel of Sunset Industries, Inc. presented themselves on the plaintiff's premises and announced to Mr. Schermerhorn and Mr. Allen that Sunset Industries was then exercising its option to acquire the plaintiff corporation and demanded immediate possession of the premises and business. However, settlement of the terms of the acquisition and possession of the premises and business was not accomplished until September 5, 1968, during which time the operation of Pre-Fit continued under an accommodation to both the new and the old management.

Subsequent to August 1, 1968, defendant Allen requested Ruvo Automation to destroy the purchase order form which had previously been sent to them and which bore a Pre-Fit letterhead and then replaced the order with a new one which bore the name of defendant Dor-Ways, Inc.

After plaintiff began operating under Sunset Industries, it apparently experienced some problems with the same type of machinery that had been ordered by the defendant. Because of this difficulty, plaintiff contends it lost a certain amount of sales which, it is claimed, it would not have experienced had not the defendants wrongfully diverted the purchase order for the machinery to the Defendant Dor-Ways, Inc. It is this diversion of machinery upon which plaintiff bases its contention of wrongful interference with contractual relationships.

That portion of the complaint which alleged the conversion of property was settled prior to trial of the action and the issue of wrongful interference with contractual relationship went to the jury which unanimously decided against the plaintiff.

Plaintiff claims that the trial court erred by allowing the jury to decide whether or not the purchase order in question constituted a binding contract between Pre-Fit and Ruvo. Intertwined with his claim of of error is also the allegation that the court erred in allowing Schermerhorn, who was president of the plaintiff at the time in question, to give certain testimony which the plaintiff characterizes as 'conclusions' and 'opinions.'

Defendants' main defense in this case was that it never intended that the purchase order be a contract between the plaintiff and Ruvo and that the use of plaintiff's purchase order was only for a convenience. In fact, the uncontradicted testimony of the witnesses at the trial was to that effect. The only contrary evidence was the purchase order itself. Even the witnesses from Ruvo testified that from the very beginning they knew the purchase was not on behalf of the plaintiff. On the other hand, plaintiff argues that the purchase order in the name of Pre-Fit Door, Inc....