Prellwitz v. Berg

• Decision Date: 26 June 1978
• Docket Number: No. 77-1652,77-1652
• Citation: 578 F.2d 190
• Parties: Norman PRELLWITZ, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Loyal J. BERG and James Mathews, Respondents-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Page 190

578 F.2d 190

Norman PRELLWITZ, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Loyal J. BERG and James Mathews, Respondents-Appellees.

No. 77-1652.

United States Court of Appeals,

Seventh Circuit.

Argued Jan. 9, 1978.

Decided June 26, 1978.

Edward M. Kaufman, Post-Conviction Defense Project, Madison, Wis., for petitioner-appellant.

John M. Schmolesky, Asst. Atty. Gen., Madison, Wis., for respondents-appellees.

Before CASTLE, Senior Circuit Judge, WOOD, Circuit Judge and EAST, Senior District Judge. ^*

CASTLE, Senior Circuit Judge.

This appeal is from the denial of a petition for a writ of habeas corpus by a state prisoner. Petitioner was placed on probation for three years for a theft conviction in 1967. After one year of reporting to the Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services, petitioner did not contact the Department for over five years. In early 1974, petitioner was detained by Madison police for a traffic violation and was then taken into custody when it was determined that there was a hold order outstanding for probation violations. After a hearing, the Department revoked petitioner's probation and returned him to the original trial judge who had initially deferred sentencing. Petitioner sought review of the probation revocation in the Wisconsin Supreme Court which upheld the propriety of the revocation hearing. State ex rel. Prellwitz v. Schmidt, 73 Wis.2d 35, 242 N.W.2d 227 (1976). The district court adopted the opinion of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. We affirm.

I.

Petitioner's main argument is that his due process rights were violated at the revocation hearing by the introduction of hearsay in the form of Department records which documented unsuccessful attempts of petitioner's original probation officer to locate petitioner when he failed to report in 1968. In support of this argument, petitioner cites Mempa v. Rhay, 389 U.S. 128, 88 S.Ct. 254, 19 L.Ed.2d 336 (1967), for the proposition that all nonsentenced probationers are entitled to a full due process hearing and thus admission of hearsay at a deferred sentence revocation proceeding violates the confrontation clause of the sixth amendment.

We decline to follow this overbroad reading of Mempa. Rather, we agree with later courts which have interpreted that case as dealing particularly with rights at sentencing rather than generally with the rights of those who have not yet been sentenced. Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 781, 93 S.Ct. 1756, 36 L.Ed.2d 656 (1973); United States v. Segal, 549 F.2d 1293, 1297-98 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 431 U.S. 919, 97 S.Ct. 2187, 53 L.Ed.2d 231 (1977). Here, petitioner's probation was revoked after an administrative hearing and his sentence was imposed separately at a later judicial hearing. Moreover, even if Mempa were applicable to revocation hearings held prior to but separate from sentencing hearings, that case would only guarantee counsel at the revocation proceeding. See United States v. Segal, supra at 1298. Here, petitioner was represented by a public defender at both the revocation and the sentencing hearings. The argument that a probation revocation hearing requires the same due process procedures as are accorded at sentencing also does not help the petitioner. At sentencing courts are permitted to consider hearsay and other evidence not admissible at a criminal trial. Williams v. New York, 337 U.S. 241, 245, 69 S.Ct. 1079, 93 L.Ed. 1337 (1949). Thus, the authority cited does not support the degree of constitutional regulation of evidence at probation revocations argued for by petitioner.

However, even though probation revocation hearings are not subject to the full constitutional standards of a criminal trial, the Supreme Court has recognized that certain due process rights must be accorded defendants at probation and parole revocation proceedings. Gagnon v. Scarpelli, supra; Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 92 S.Ct. 2593, 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972). One of these rights is "the right to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses (unless the hearing officer specifically finds good cause for not allowing confrontation)." Id. at 489, 92 S.Ct. at 2604; Gagnon v. Scarpelli, supra, 411 U.S. at 786, 93 S.Ct. 1756. Petitioner argues that his due process right to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses at the revocation hearing was violated when the hearing officer allowed the use of the hearsay report without a showing of good cause for not producing the original probation officer who made the crucial entries. ¹

Forcing the state to show good cause for not producing the hearsay declarant would unwisely extend the limited due process rights of a probationer at the revocation hearing. While we agree that the Gagnon-Morrissey right to confront and cross-examine witnesses imposes some limitations on the type of evidence that can be introduced at hearings to revoke probation, the Supreme Court has repeatedly emphasized the informal nature of those proceedings. Gagnon v. Scarpelli, supra at 789, 93 S.Ct. 1756; Morrissey v. Brewer,supra, 408 U.S. at 484, 92 S.Ct. 2593. Thus, in parole and probation revocation hearings,

the process should be flexible enough to consider evidence including letters, affidavits, and other material that would not be admissible in an adversary criminal trial.

Id. at 489, 92 S.Ct. at 2604. The report here was one of the "conventional substitutes for live testimony" which the Court has recognized to be permissible in probation revocation proceedings. Gagnon v. Scarpelli, supra, 411 U.S. at 783 n. 5, 93 S.Ct. 1756. As a record kept in the ordinary course of business by the Department, the report bore "recognized indicia of reliability." United States v. Smith, 571 F.2d 370, 374 n. 4 (7th Cir. 1978). Similarly, in United States v. Miller, 514 F.2d 41, 42-43 (9th Cir. 1975), the court held that an official could testify at a probation revocation hearing when his knowledge of the facts was obtained solely from state probation reports and state court criminal records. Moreover, the report here was on the record and was disclosed to petitioner who had the opportunity at the hearing to meet the allegations contained therein. See United States ex rel. Sims v. Sielaff, 563 F.2d 821, 823 n. 4 (7th Cir. 1977); United States ex rel. Carson v. Taylor, 540 F.2d 1156, 1161-63 (2d Cir. 1976). Therefore, we find that the admission of the report and testimony based thereon in petitioner's probation revocation hearing was in accord with the confrontation/cross-examination right of Gagnon and Morrissey.

II.

Petitioner also claims that he was not given proper "written notice of the claimed violations" of probation as required by Morrissey v. Brewer,supr...