Prenger v. Boat Store, Inc.

• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: WILLIAM W. FRANCIS, JR., C.J./P.J.
• Citation: Prenger v. Boat Store, Inc., 453 S.W.3d 381 (Mo. App. 2015)
• Decision Date: 27 January 2015
• Docket Number: No. SD 33365,SD 33365
• Parties: Kevin Prenger, Plaintiff/Appellant, v. The Boat Store, Inc., d/b/a Kelly's Port, and Regal Marine Industries, Inc., Defendants/Respondents.

453 S.W.3d 381

Kevin Prenger, Plaintiff/Appellant

v.The Boat Store, Inc., d/b/a Kelly's Port, and Regal Marine Industries, Inc., Defendants/Respondents.

No. SD 33365

Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District, Division One .

Filed: January 27, 2015

Appellant's Attorney: Clark L. Jones, of Columbia, Missouri

Respondents' Attorney: Michael L. McDorman of Lake Ozark, Missouri and Andrew J. Hardwick, of Versailles, Missouri

Opinion

WILLIAM W. FRANCIS, JR., C.J./P.J.

Kevin Prenger (“Prenger”) appeals the judgment of the trial court sustaining respective motions to dismiss filed by The Boat Store, Inc. d/b/a Kelly's Port (“Kelly's Port”), and Regal Marine Industries, Inc. (“Regal”),¹ and dismissing Prenger's Second Amended Petition. We reverse and remand this matter to the trial court for further proceedings.

Factual and Procedural Background

On March 1, 2013, Prenger filed this action against Kelly's Port and Regal seeking damages for alleged defects in a boat manufactured by Regal, sold by Kelly's Port, and purchased by Prenger. Prenger seeks relief in different counts on different theories of breach of warranty and negligence. After Prenger filed a Second Amended Petition, Kelly's Port and Regal filed separate motions to dismiss asserting Prenger's petition failed to state a cause of action, was barred by the statute of limitations, and that the theories alleged did not plead sufficient causes of action against Kelly's Port. In a judgment entered on April 16, 2014, the trial court sustained both motions to dismiss. Prenger appeals. This Court agrees with Prenger that the trial court erred in sustaining the motions to dismiss filed by Kelly's Port and Regal for the reasons set forth below.

Allegations in Prenger's Second Amended Petition

The Second Amended Petition sets forth five counts by which Prenger seeks relief. Counts I and III seek relief against Regal on breach of warranty claims. Counts II, IV and V seek relief against Kelly's Port alleging breach of express warranty, negligence, and negligent misrepresentation, respectively.

Prenger alleges he purchased this boat “on or about July 26, 2008,” from Kelly's Port and that it contained a one-year written warranty to repair all parts found to be defective in materials or workmanship. He then alleges that “shortly after” he bought the boat, he discovered bad parts, and Regal sent him to Kelly's Port for repairs. Repairs were performed and Prenger alleges “at sometime subsequent to March 2, 2009,” the boat had “the same defective conditions[,]” and the written warranty required these be remedied.

After Prenger filed his original petition against Kelly's Port and Regal, the docket sheet reflects that motions to dismiss were filed, amended pleadings were filed, and that the trial court ultimately granted Respondents' motions to dismiss Prenger's Second Amended Petition.²

Statute of Limitations Defense

Regal's motion to dismiss asserts that the Second Amended Petition fails to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted against it, and that the limitation in section 400.2–725³ is a bar to Counts I and III because more than four years had passed since the alleged breach of warranty was discovered and suit was filed. Kelly's Port seeks to dismiss Count II as barred by the statute of limitations, with the same reasoning.

The common fact Respondents assume in their motions to dismiss and brief is that Prenger discovered the defects on July 26, 2008, the date of purchase. Using this assumption, Respondents claim suit was required by July 26, 2012. However, Prenger's Second Amended Petition is unclear on the date or dates the defects were discovered. Giving Prenger's petition its broadest intendment, the allegations also recite that defects were discovered after March 2, 2009. We recognize that the “bar of a statute of limitations is an affirmative defense and when a petition does not show on its face that it is barred by limitations, a motion to dismiss should not be sustained.” In re Iris C. Brown Trust, 873 S.W.2d 676, 678 (Mo.App.W.D.1994) (emphasis added); Hill v. Klontz, 909 S.W.2d 725, 727 (Mo.App.S.D.1995). “The party asserting the affirmative defense of the running of the applicable statute of limitations has the burden of not only pleading but proving it.” Lomax v. Sewell, 1 S.W.3d 548, 552–53 (Mo.App.W.D.1999).

The Second Amended Petition does not show on its face that the statute of limitations has run. Prenger alleges that the one-year warranty extended until July 25, 2009. Prenger then argues that section 400.2–725 permits a timely filing until July 25, 2013, and that his action was filed March 1, 2013.⁴ This Court offers no opinion on whether section 400.2–725 is a bar to the instant action.

Sufficiency of Prenger's Pleadings

The remainder of the motion to dismiss filed by Kelly's Port seeks to dismiss Counts IV and V because the counts fail to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted against it, and that the pleadings are insufficient to appropriately state a cause of action for negligence and negligent misrepresentation, respectively.

“In determining whether a petition states a claim upon which relief can be granted, we consider only the well pleaded facts of the petition [,]” and give the pleading “its broadest intendment[.]” Brown, 873 S.W.2d at 678.

A motion to dismiss attacks the plaintiff's pleadings. In reviewing a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, the following standard of review applies:

A motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action is solely a test of the adequacy of the plaintiff's petition. It assumes that all of plaintiff's averments are true, and liberally grants to plaintiff all reasonable inferences therefrom. No attempt is made to weigh any facts alleged as to whether they are credible or persuasive. Instead, the petition is reviewed in an almost academic manner, to determine if the facts alleged meet the elements of a recognized cause of action, or of a cause that might be adopted in that case.

Bosch v. St. Louis Healthcare Network, 41 S.W.3d 462, 463–64 (Mo. banc 2001) (quoting Nazeri v. Missouri Valley College, 860 S.W.2d 303, 306 (Mo. banc 1993) ). Kelly's Port's attack on Count IV in this portion of the motion to dismiss is founded upon the argument that Prenger did not “establish a duty” that existed in Kelly's Port beyond its contractual obligations. Kelly's Port's attack goes beyond our standard of review and examines the sufficiency of what it anticipates the evidence to be as opposed to the test of the adequacy of Prenger's petition. Here, Prenger has specifically alleged that Kelly's Port took possession of the boat with a specific purpose of repairing defective conditions and that Kelly's Port breached that duty. We cannot conclude...