Presley v. State, 272A98

• Decision Date: 29 June 1972
• Docket Number: No. 272A98,272A98
• Citation: 284 N.E.2d 526,152 Ind.App. 637,31 Ind.Dec. 592
• Parties: Junior Harold PRESLEY, Defendant-Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Plaintiff-Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

Page 526

284 N.E.2d 526

152 Ind.App. 637

Junior Harold PRESLEY, Defendant-Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Plaintiff-Appellee.

No. 272A98.

Court of Appeals of Indiana, First District.

June 29, 1972.

Don P. Campbell, Covington, for defendant-appellant.

Theodore L. Sendak, Atty. Gen., Stephen J. Cuthbert, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for plaintiff-appellee.

ROBERTSON, Presiding Judge.

This is an appeal from the Parke Circuit Court wherein the defendant, Junior Harold Presley, was tried by jury and found guilty of the crime of first degree burglary. Presley's motion to correct errors, which was overruled by the trial court, alleges that the verdict is contrary to law and not sustained by sufficient evidence for the following reasons:

1. That the affidavit does not set forth facts sufficient to constitute an offense and is insufficient to sustain a conviction of first degree burglary.

2. That the court erred in giving to the jury State's Instruction Number Five.

3. That the court erred in admitting into evidence a camera which was obtained by an illegal search and seizure.

The allegedly defective affidavit upon which Presley and his accomplice were prosecuted and convicted reads:

'Gary Cooper being duly sworn upon his oath says: That Junior Harold Presley and Vernon Eugene Judy, on or about the 26th day of July, 1970, at and in the county of Parke, in the State of Indiana, did then and there unlawfully, feloniously and burglarously break and enter into the dwelling house of James Brook in which the said James Brook then lived, with the intent to commit a felony therein, to-wit: To unlawfully take, steal and carry away the goods and chattels and personal property of the said James Brook, contrary to the form of the statute in such cases made and provided and against the peace and dignity of the State of Indiana.'

It is argued that the affidavit is defective in that it charges the defendant with breaking and entering with the intent 'to unlawfully take, steal, and carry away goods . . .' which constitutes the elements of the offense of larceny. Prior to the enactment of the Offenses Against Property Act, IC 1971, 35--17--5--1, Ind.Ann.Stat. § 10--3028 (1971 Supp.) at seq., in 1963, larceny was a statutory offense. The larceny statutes, however, were repealed in 1963 and replaced by the theft statutes. It is, therefore, contended that since the offense of larceny rather than theft was set forth as the intended felony of the breaking and entering that the affidavit omitted an essential element and failed to properly inform the defendant with sufficient certainty of the charges against him. The logic of this contention breaks down with the realization that the Offenses Against Property Act did not eradicate the offense of larceny but rather consolidated larceny as well as several other theft crimes with the exception of robbery under the general heading of theft, and abandoned the tradictional use of such terms as larceny. The intent of the legislature to do so is expressly stated in IC 35--17--5--2, Ind.Ann.Stat. § 10--3029:

'Specifically, it is the purpose of this act to consolidate all of the theft group of crimes except robbery, and traditional terminology has been abandoned in order that that purpose may be achieved. Consequently, whenever the terms 'larceny,' 'obtaining by false pretenses,' 'embezzlement,' 'receiving or concealing property knowing it to have been stolen,' 'blackmail,' or similar terms are used in any existing procedural or substantive statute or rule, they shall be construed to mean theft as described herein. (Acts 1963 (Spec.Sess.), ch. 10, § 2, p. 10).'

While the use of the term 'larceny' has been abandoned in favor of 'theft' it is nonetheless clear from the expressed legislative intent that the offense of larceny survives. Thus, we are unable to agree with the argument that 'defendant was charged with breaking and entering into the house of James Brook with the intent to commit a crime that no longer exists in the State of Indiana'. Our disagreement with this argument is further supported by Hanrahan v. State (1968), 251 Ind. 325, 241 N.E.2d 143, where it was contended that the affidavit upon which the defendant was prosecuted and convicted of issuing a fraudulent check and forgery was grounded in Ind.Ann.Stat. § 10--2105 (Burns 1956) which was repealed by the Offenses Against Property Act and therefore the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. In response to that argument it was held that:

'The allegations in the affidavit are clearly sufficient to constitute a crime under Ind.Ann.Stat., § 10--3037 (1968 Supp.). Any similarity in languages between the affidavit and the repealed statute is inconsequential and unavailing to appellant.'

It is next asserted that the trial court erred in giving to the jury, over defendant's objection, the State's Instruction No. 5, which reads:

'I submit this case to you, with the confidence that you will faithfully discharge the grave duty resting upon you, bearing in mind that the liberty of the accused is not to be trifled away, nor taken by carefless or inconsiderate judgement, but if after a careful consideration of the law and the evidence in the case, you are satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant, Junior Harold Presley, is guilty, you should return your verdict accordingly. Duty demands it and the law requires it. You must be just to the defendant and equally just to the State. As manly, upright men and women charged with responsible duty of assisting the Court in the administration of justice, you will put aside all sympathy and sentiment, and look steadfastly and alone to the law and the evidence in the case, and return into Court such a verdict as is warranted thereby.'

This instruction was objected to, and is presently claimed to be improper, for the reason that 'the instruction tends to be mandatory and indicates to the jury that they should find the defendant guilty because duty demands it and the law requires it.' Defendant's objection to this instruction fails to point out, either inadvertently or otherwise, that the allegedly mandatory portion of the instruction is contingent upon the jury being satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant is guilty. It is well established that where the jury is satisfied that the defendant's guilt has been established beyond a reasonable doubt, that they have no choice, but must find him guilty, and it is not error to so instruct them. Bowman v. State (1934), 207 Ind. 358, 192 N.E. 755; McCaughey v. State (1901), 156 Ind. 41, 59 N.E. 169; Blocher v. State (1912), 177 Ind. 356, 98 N.E. 118; and Reynolds v. State (1896), 147 Ind. 3, 46 N.E. 31. Accordingly, we are unable to agree that the giving of this instruction was error.

Defendant's final...