Price v. State, CR

• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: HICKMAN
• Citation: Price v. State, 632 S.W.2d 429, 276 Ark. 80 (Ark. 1982)
• Decision Date: 10 May 1982
• Docket Number: No. CR,CR
• Parties: Luther PRICE, III, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 81-129.

Page 429

632 S.W.2d 429

276 Ark. 80

Luther PRICE, III, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR 81-129.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

May 10, 1982.

William R. Simpson, Jr., Public Defender, Little Rock, and Sandra Trawick Berry by Deborah R. Sallings, Deputy Public Defenders, for appellant.

Steve Clark, Atty. Gen. by Leslie M. Powell, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.

HICKMAN, Justice.

Luther Price, III, was convicted of burglary and interference with a police officer and sentenced to forty years and twenty years imprisonment respectively. His sentence was enhanced because he had six prior felony convictions.

This case presents two issues, one involving an old question we have considered several times but one which continues to give prosecutors and trial courts difficulty; the other involves the newly enacted procedure for sentencing a defendant with prior convictions.

The first issue on appeal is whether there was sufficient evidence to support the conviction for interference with a law enforcement officer in the performance of his duty in violation of Ark.Stat.Ann. § 41-2804 (Repl.1977). In three previous cases we have considered this charge and in two of them we found the evidence insufficient to support that charge. In a third case we found the facts did justify the charge. In this case two men were seen entering a dwelling and a neighbor called the police. The police responded to the call of a burglary in progress and one officer went to the front door and the other officer went to the back. The officer covering the back testified that as he approached the rear corner he observed two males leaving from the back of the residence. He yelled at them to stop and one of the men turned and fired a pistol in his direction and fired a second shot in another direction. Both men continued to flee. One of the suspects was caught in the alley and the defendant, Luther Price, was found hiding in the basement of a nearby house. The officer testified that it was Luther Price who fired the pistol at him.

The State chose not to charge Luther Price with resisting arrest and aggravated assault, which is a Class D felony, or a more serious offense, but instead chose to charge him with interference with a law enforcement officer. It is our judgment that Price was improperly charged as we have carefully explained in the cases of Breakfield v. State, 263 Ark. 398, 566 S.W.2d 729 (1978); State v. Bocksnick, 268 Ark. 74, 593 S.W.2d 176 (1980), and Gilmer v. State, 269 Ark. 30, 602 S.W.2d 406 (1980). The offense of interference with a police officer was not intended to be an alternative to charging someone with resisting arrest. In the Breakfield case the defendant resisted arrest and was charged with interference with a police officer. We pointed out that the new criminal code had a provision for resisting arrest, Ark.Stat.Ann. § 41-2803 (Repl.1977), and that before the new criminal code there was no such statute. In the Commentary to § 41-2803 it is noted that the offense of resisting arrest is narrowly confined to the arrest situation; in other words, a situation where the police were resisted when trying to arrest the person charged. Interference with an officer in other circumstances is dealt with by §§ 41-2802 or 41-2804.

In Bocksnick we had an almost identical situation to that before us. The defendant had been taken to his parents' home by a marshal who knew him and did not charge him although he smelled of alcohol. Later that same evening the marshal saw the defendant carrying a rifle and demanded that he surrender it. The defendant refused and threatened to kill the marshal. No attempt at that time was made to arrest him. In the meantime the defendant went to a nearby grocery store and tried to obtain ammunition. When he later went to a nearby wooded area and was ordered to surrender, he fired two shots at the officers. We found that the officers were performing no duty except trying to arrest the defendant and that a strict construction of the penal statute could only mean that the legislature did not mean for § 41-2804, interference with a police officer, to be applied in such a situation.

In Gilmer v. State, supra, a case with facts quite different from those in Breakfield, Bocksnick, or in this case, we found the evidence sufficient to support a charge of interference with a police officer. There the police officer was responding to a call to investigate a disturbance between the defendant and another person. While the officer was en route to answer the call, the officer stopped his vehicle and the defendant attempted to fire at the officer. A scuffle occurred between the officer and the defendant. The officer did not know the defendant was the subject of the call for assistance. We held that that amounted to interference with a law enforcement officer because the fracas that occurred between the officer and the defendant was totally separate from the incident the officer had originally set out to investigate.

As we held in Gilmer the offense of interference applies only where a police officer is interfered with in the performance of his duty by someone other than whom the officer is trying to arrest. That does...