Professional Collection Consultants v. Hanada

• Decision Date: 26 March 1997
• Docket Number: No. G019309,G019309
• Citation: 62 Cal.Rptr.2d 182,53 Cal.App.4th 1016
• Court: California Court of Appeals
• Parties: , 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 2253, 97 Daily Journal D.A.R. 4047 PROFESSIONAL COLLECTION CONSULTANTS, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Bobby K. HANADA et al., Defendants and Respondents.

Page 182

62 Cal.Rptr.2d 182

53 Cal.App.4th 1016, 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 2253,

97 Daily Journal D.A.R. 4047

PROFESSIONAL COLLECTION CONSULTANTS, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Bobby K. HANADA et al., Defendants and Respondents.

No. G019309.

Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division 3, California.

March 26, 1997.

[53 Cal.App.4th 1017] Lynne Bowles Condon, Los Angeles, for Plaintiff and Appellant.

Gregory Sullivan, for Defendants and Respondents.

OPINION

SONENSHINE, Associate Justice.

Professional Collection Consultants (Professional) appeals from a judgment entered in favor of Bobby K. Hanada and Linda B. Hanada (Hanadas) after the court determined its suit was time barred.

I

In April 1990, Farmers & Merchants Bank (FMB) loaned the Hanadas $75,000 secured by a six-month note maturing October 16, 1990. That same month, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was appointed receiver for FMB. Thereafter, the Hanadas failed to repay the loan; and in December 1992, the FDIC transferred it to First Southwestern Financial Services who later assigned it to Professional.

In March 1993, Professional and the Hanadas negotiated a payment schedule, but the Hanadas failed to comply, and in December 1994, Professional wrote to the Hanadas reminding them of their agreement and advising them that if they were "unable to remit the [money they owed, it would] ... proceed to begin litigation to recover the principal balance of $75,000.00 plus $19,176.70 in accrued interest at the post maturity rate of 21%." No money was forthcoming, and on January 13, 1995, Professional filed the underlying action. The trial court granted the Hanadas's summary judgment motion, finding the action time barred.

II

The trial court granted the Hanadas's Code of Civil Procedure section 337 motion because the complaint was not filed within four years from the date of maturity of the loan. Professional maintains the 1993 agreement tolled the running of the statute. As we now explain, we need not address this issue because we find Code of Civil Procedure section 337 inapt.

"[T]he applicable statute of limitations with regard to any [contract] action brought by the [FDIC] ... shall be--[p] (i) ... the longer of--[p] (I) the 6-year period beginning on the date the claim accrues; or [p] (II) the period applicable under State law;...." (12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(14)(A), italics added.) "[T]he date on which the statute of limitation begins to run on any claim ... shall be the later of--[p] (i) the date of the appointment of the Corporation as conservator or receiver; or [p] (ii) the date on which the cause of action accrues." (12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(14)(B), italics added.)

The FDIC was appointed receiver in 1990; therefore the suit filed in 1995 is timely. Our discussion does not end here, however, because as the Hanadas point out, Professional and not the FDIC filed the complaint. We must decide whether the statute applies to an FDIC assignee. Only one California court has addressed this issue. It concluded an "FDIC's assignee is entitled to the benefit of the federal statute of limitations in enforcing notes from failed banks." (White v. Moriarty (1993) 15 Cal.App.4th 1290, 1298, 19 Cal.Rptr.2d 200, fn. omitted.)

We find White compelling. Indeed, all but one of the federal courts which considered this matter came to the same conclusion. As White explained, one principle underlies all of these decisions: An assignee stands in the shoes of the assignor, acquiring all of its rights and liabilities. (Mountain States Financial Resources v. Agrawal (W.D.Okla.1991) 777 F.Supp. 1550, 1552.) "[W]hile the statute is quiet, the common law speaks in a loud and consistent voice: An assignee stands in the shoes of his assignor." (F.D.I.C. v. Bledsoe (5th Cir.1993) 989 F.2d 805, 810, original italics; see also U.S. v. Thornburg (9th Cir.1996) 82 F.3d 886, 891; Remington Investments, Inc. v. Kadenacy (C.D.Cal.1996) 930 F.Supp. 446, 451; National Enterprises, Inc. v. Smith (E.D.Mich.1995) 892 F.Supp. 948, 950-951; Tivoli Ventures, Inc. v. Bumann (Colo.1994) 870 P.2d 1244, 1248; The Cadle Co. II, Inc. v. Lewis (1993) 254 Kan. 158, 864 P.2d 718, 720; Investment Co. of the Southwest v. Reese (1994) 117 N.M. 655, 875 P.2d 1086, 1092-1093; SMS Financial L.L.C. v. Ragland (Okla.App.1995) 918 P.2d 400, 403; Jon Luce Builder, Inc. v. First Gibraltar Bank (Tex.App.1993) 849 S.W.2d 451, 455; Thweatt v. Jackson (Tex.App.1992) 838 S.W.2d 725, 728.)

This result complies with federal public policy considerations underlying the FDIC. The FDIC is charged with the duty to protect the assets of failed banks. (Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. v. Newhart (8th Cir.1989) 892 F.2d 47, 49.) To fulfill this obligation, the FDIC must be able to dispose of those assets to mitigate shareholder and creditor losses. "The FDIC can only make full use of the market in discharging its statutory responsibilities if the market purchasers have the same rights to pursue actions against recalcitrant debtors as does the FDIC. Moreover, there is no legal or economic sense in a rule that would permit the maker of a note who has an enforceable legal obligation to the FDIC to escape enforcement of the very same obligation by the FDIC's assignee." (Remington Investments, Inc. v. Kadenacy, supra, 930 F.Supp. 446, 449, internal quotation marks and citation omitted.) "[T]he FDIC should be allowed full use of the market in discharging its statutory responsibilities...." (Id. at p. 450.)

"To hold that assignees are relegated to the state statute of limitations would serve only to shrink the private market for the assets of failed banks." (F.D.I.C. v. Bledsoe, supra, 989 F.2d 805, 811.) Moreover, forcing the FDIC to prosecute all notes before the state statute of limitations runs would be contrary to the policy of ridding the federal system of the failed banks' assets. (Ibid.)

As noted above, only one federal court has refused to extend the statute to an...