Proto v. Chenoweth

• Court: Arizona Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: ROSS, C. J.
• Citation: Proto v. Chenoweth, 33 Ariz. 261, 263 P. 943 (Ariz. 1928)
• Decision Date: 06 February 1928
• Docket Number: Civil 2688
• Parties: LOUIS PROTO, Administrator With the Will Annexed of the Estate of ANTONIO PROTO, Deceased, Appellant, v. W. F. CHENOWETH, Appellee

263 P. 943

33 Ariz. 261

LOUIS PROTO, Administrator With the Will Annexed of the Estate of ANTONIO PROTO, Deceased, Appellant, v. W. F. CHENOWETH, Appellee

Civil No. 2688

Supreme Court of Arizona

February 6, 1928

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of the County of Santa Cruz. E. L. Green, Judge Reversed and remanded, with directions.

Messrs Duffy & Robins, for Appellant.

Messrs Noon & Noon, for Appellee.

OPINION

ROSS, C. J.

the plaintiff, W. F. Chenoweth, a regularly licensed physician brought this action to establish a claim against the estate of the defendant's testator, which he had previously presented to the administrator for allowance. In his complaint he alleges as the basis of his claim:

"That during the lifetime of Anton Proto, and at his instance and request, plaintiff rendered professional services to the said Anton Proto and to various other persons from June 1st, 1921 to November 1st, 1923, and attended said deceased during his last illness, and that said services were reasonably worth the sum of fourteen thousand ($14,000.00) dollars."

Attached to the complaint as an exhibit was a copy of his verified claim, as presented to the administrator for allowance, the material part of which is in words and figures as follows:

"Estate of Anton Proto, Sr., Deceased, to Dr. W. F. Chenoweth, Dr.

"Dec. 1, 1923.

"To professional services from June 1, 1921, to November 1st, 1923, rendered the said deceased during his last illness and continuously excepting August, 1922, at $500 per month for 28 months, $14,000.

"The above charges do not include bill for medicines furnished, nor for services rendered prior to June 1st, 1921, nor the greater part of November, 1923, nor for the following list of miners treated in their homes: Julio Rodriguez and wife, Ajal, Angelina Arizmoac, Angelita Robles, Ignacia Garcia, and office treatments for many miners brought in by Mr. Proto, whose names I did not record. The bill does not include relatives and employees of ranch whom I treated by order of Mr. Proto, including Barreda family at ranch and in Nogales, Maria de Balderama, Alex Proto from ranch, Mr. Proto's sister, Mrs. Proto, mother of Marcus, his nephew, Thomas, and latter's wife.

"When this bill is paid as above rendered, these charges against the estate, not included indicated above, will be canceled.

"[Signed] W. F. CHENOWETH."

The defendant answered by general demurrer and general denial. The case was tried to the court without a jury and resulted in a judgment in favor of plaintiff in the sum of $10,000.

The action was filed September 17th, 1924, and on September 30th, 1924, defendant demanded of plaintiff and his attorneys a bill of particulars, or a copy of plaintiff's account against the estate. On October 1st, 1924, plaintiff, in response to defendant's demand, delivered to the latter's attorneys the following statement "for the information of the defendant":

"To professional services rendered the said Anton Proto during his lifetime, and to various other persons at his instance and request, from June 1st, 1921, 1922, or for 28 months at $500 per month, $14,000.

"Nogales, Arizona, October 1, 1924.

"[Signed] W. F. CHENOWETH."

Being dissatisfied with this so-called bill of particulars, defendant, on October 6th, 1924, moved the court to require plaintiff to make the same more specific. On June 3d, 1926, plaintiff, either under the direction of the court or voluntarily (which, the record does not show), delivered to defendant's attorneys another so-called bill of particulars and on June 4th filed a copy thereof with the clerk "for the information of the defendant." Such paper is as follows:

"To professional services rendered Anton Proto for the months of:

June, 1921

500.00

July, 1921

500.00"

-- and so on, down to and including October, 1923, or 29 months, at $500 per month.

The defendant on this appeal makes many assignments of error. The first one is that the court erred in overruling the general demurrer. Under this assignment it is claimed the cause of action set out is too uncertain and indefinite in its facts, in that it failed to set out the items or the particular professional services rendered the deceased by plaintiff. However, under our practice we do not believe that it is a ground for demurrer. Indeed, paragraph 421, Civil Code of 1913, expressly provides that it shall not be necessary to set forth in a pleading the items of an account therein alleged. This provision of our statute is in all material ways an exact copy of paragraph 454, Code of Civil Procedure of California. The decisions of that state are uniform, we believe, to the effect that the items of indebtedness need not be specifically set forth in the complaint. Pike v. Zadig, 171 Cal. 273, 152 P. 923; Tompkins v. Mahoney, 32 Cal. 231; Wise v. Hogan, 77 Cal. 184, 19 P. 278.

In Stansfield v. Dunne, 16 Ariz. 153, 141 P. 736, the point was made that a complaint alleging a cause of action on a common count was insufficient. Referring to our provision, paragraph 421, supra, we held that the complaint was sufficient.

The defendant insists the general demurrer should have been sustained as no claim was presented to the administrator for allowance for services rendered "various other persons." The account presented for allowance was only for professional services rendered the deceased, and, under the statute and decisions, items of service to "various other persons" were improperly included in the complaint. Paragraph 889, Civil Code; Irish v. Brannen, 22 Ariz. 91, 194 P. 333; Reed v. Reed, 178 Cal. 187, 172 P. 600. The inclusion of these items in the complaint with the claim that was presented for allowance, although improper, did not make the complaint demurrable for want of facts. That allegation should have been stricken from the complaint and doubtless would have been upon motion.

The next assignment is that the court erred in permitting the plaintiff to testify as to the services rendered the deceased, for the reason that, although a demand had been made for a copy of plaintiff's account, or a bill of particulars, none had been delivered to defendant or his attorneys, and under paragraph 421 plaintiff should not have been permitted to introduce any evidence to support his complaint. The facts in connection with this contention we have heretofore stated. Paragraph 421 reads as follows:

"It shall not be necessary for the party to set forth in a pleading the items of an account therein alleged, but he shall deliver to the adverse party within ten days after a demand therefor, in writing, a copy of the account, or be precluded from giving evidence thereof. The court or a judge thereof may order a further account when the one delivered is too general or is defective in any particular."

The reasons given by the courts of Code states, with a provision like our paragraph 421, for holding a pleading not setting forth the items of an account as invulnerable to demurrer, is that the adversary may have a copy of the account upon demand. The very provision of the statute relieving the pleader from pleading the facts of the account imposes upon him the duty to furnish his opponent the data omitted from the pleading, and precludes his giving any evidence of the account if he fails to furnish it. Clearly the permissible omission in paragraph 421 disregards the other statutory provision (par. 419, Civ. Code), that "the pleadings shall consist of a concise statement of the facts constituting the plaintiff's cause of action, or the defendant's ground of defense," unless such omission is supplied in the form of a bill of particulars. The common count in the face of the last provision finds no justification and can only be reconciled therewith by holding that the pleader who uses it must comply with the provisions of paragraph 421, and, when demanded, deliver a copy of his account to the adversary party.

In Knight v. Russ, 77 Cal. 410, 19 P. 698, it is said:

"It is sufficient to state the facts constituting the cause of action in ordinary and concise language, and, if the defendant desires further particulars, he may call for them, and they must be given him within a limited time. Code Civ. Proc., pars. 426, 454."

This was a suit by an attorney for professional services.

In Burns v. Cushing, 96 Cal. 669, 31 P. 1124, also an action for attorney's fees, the court, in passing on demurrer to the complaint said:

"We think, however, that the averment comes within the provision of section 454 . . . Code of Civil Procedure, and that appellants should have demanded a bill of particulars under that section of the Code."

The reason for requiring an itemized statement of the account consisting of items and transactions running over a considerable period of time, is obvious. It is to inform the adverse party with what he is charged and to afford him an opportunity to marshal his evidence to meet the charges, otherwise he can justly plead surprise and lack of preparation; and especially is that true in a case like the one at bar. Even if Proto were alive and himself the defendant, instead of his personal representative, in all fairness he would be entitled to an itemized statement of what he owed -- if not before suit, at least before trial. How much more is the need of such information on the part of his administrator, who must prepare the defense without any personal knowledge whatever of the items going to make up the claim against his testator! It is not unreasonable nor harsh treatment to require one, claiming to have rendered professional services on divers times and occasions for another, to furnish the...