Quaid v. City of Detroit

• Decision Date: 03 December 1947
• Docket Number: No. 76.,76.
• Citation: 319 Mich. 268,29 N.W.2d 687
• Parties: QUAID et ux. v. CITY OF DETROIT et al.
• Court: Michigan Supreme Court

319 Mich. 268

29 N.W.2d 687

QUAID et ux.

v.CITY OF DETROIT et al.

No. 76.

Supreme Court of Michigan.

Dec. 3, 1947.

OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE Appeal from Circuit, court, Wayne County, in Chancery; John V. Brennan, Judge.

Suit by Robert S. Quaid and Shirley G. Quaid, his wife, against the City of Detroit, a municipal corporation, and others for a declaration of rights, challenging the legality of certain proposed issue of sewer and drain bonds by the named defendant. From a decree holding the bonds valid, the plaintiffs appeal.

Decree affirmed.

Before the Entire Bench.

Helen W. Miller, of Detroit, for plaintiffs and appellants.

William E. Dowling, Corp. Counsel, and Paul T. Dwyer, Chief Asst. Corp. Counsel, both of Detroit, for defendants and appellees.

BOYLES, Justice.

Plaintiffs filed this bill of complaint in the circuit court for Wayne county for a declaration of rights, challenging the legality of a certain proposed issue of sewer and drain bonds by the city of Detroit. The circuitjudge upheld the validity of the bonds as against the claims of illegality asserted by plaintiffs and from a decree entered to that effect plaintiffs appeal.

The two questions raised on the appeal are as follows:

‘(1) Is an approval of public improvement bonds, voted by the Detroit electors in 1928, invalidated by failure for 19 years thereafter to issue said bonds?

‘(2) Does a change in the qualifications of electors who may vote on the issuance of public improvement bonds, invalidate an approval given before the change?’

Both of these questions were answered in the negative by the circuit judge. The facts, as stipulated, may be summarized as follows:

At an election held april 2, 1928, the electors of the city of Detroit approved the issuance of $30,000,000 public improvement bonds, pledging the full faith and credit of the city for payment, to finance the construction of sewers. From time to time thereafter, the city sold several issues of these bonds totaling $21,263,000. On June 24, 1947, the common council authorized the issuance of the balance, $8,737,000. Plaintiffs, as taxpayers, started this case against the city and certain of its officers, obviously a friendly suit to obtain a declaratory decree for the purpose of determining the validity of the proposed issue. No objection was raised to the effect that no actual controversy existed. The principal question raised was that the proposed issue would be invalid for the reason that the approval of the electors given 19 years earlier had, by lapse of time, been impliedly revoked.

The defendants' answer denied that any revocation could be implied from the lapse of time since the delay in issuance was caused by conditions beyond the control of the city and since the sewer projects proposed to be constructed were the same as those which were proposed in 1928.

It is agreed that there has been no revocation by vote of the electors and that no question of revocation has ever been submitted by the council or initiated by the voters. It is further agreed that the issuance of the full amount of bonds authorized by the electors has been delayed by the following circumstances:

(1) By 1932 the city had reached and exceeded its bond and debt limitation. It is only within the last six months that a margin was established within which the city might issue the balance of these sewer bonds;

(2) The city experienced large tax delinquencies and high welfare costs beginning in 1932 and continuing for several years; the city was unable to meet its obligations and a refunding program was put into effect and not consummated until 1941;

(3) That in addition to the aforesaid financial stringency and the inability of the city to market bonds and provide for their payment, the market for city bonds was limited by the addition to the stat Constitution in 1932 of article 10, § 21, which made questionable the power of cities to levy taxes without limitation for the payment of bonded indebtedness. By the decision of this Court in City of Hazel Park v. Municipal Finance Commission (April 17, 1947), 317 Mich. 582, 27 N.W.2d 106, this limitation has been held not to apply;

(4) That the territorial boundaries of the city are today identical with those of 1928, that the sewers now to be constructed are the same as those projected in 1928, and that the population increase of the city is the natural increase to be expected during such a period.

The questions involved will be considered separately. (1) Does the delay in issuing said bonds for 19 years after approval by the electors now invalidate the issue?

The charter of the city of Detroit, as last amended April 4, 1921, effective April 16, 1921, in title 6, chap. 5, § 22, provides:

‘Authority to issue and sell bonds heretofore or hereafter approved by the electors shall continue until revoked by the electors; * * *’

The above provision has not since been repealed or amended. Our attention has not been directed to any statute or charter provision specifying or limiting the time, after the voted authorization, within which such bonds must be sold, or to any attempt upon the part of either the electorate or the common council of the city of Detroit as evidenced by any vote, resolution, ordinance or initiatory action, to expressly revoke the authority to issue said bonds.

The effect of a lapse of time between approval of a bond issue by the electors and the issuance of the bonds has been before this Court in Board of Education of Traverse City v. Straub, 182 Mich. 665, 148 N.W. 716, although in that case the delay was only one years. Under the circumstances of the case the validity of certain school bonds was upheld, as follows, 182 Mich. at page 673, 148 N.W. at page 719:

Another question presented relates to the matter of delay in issuing these bonds. They were voted in April, 1913, and issued for signature in April, 1914. This question was suggested by respondent in the case of Public Schools of Muskegon v. Smith, supra (173 Mich. 570, 139 N.W. 264), but was not passed upon. In the instant case it appears that relator, within 30 days after it was authorized to issue bonds for the purposes mentioned, let a contract for the construction of this school building, and that the same had proceeded almost to completion at the time the bonds were issued and presented to respondent for his signature. A necessary inference would be that these bonds were not issued until needed. We do not find in this delay any reason for criticising relator. On the contrary, it would seem commendable that this board was businesslike in saving to the school district as much interest as possible upon this considerable sum of money.'

The precise question, under varying circumstances and different lengths of time of the delay, has been before the courts in other jurisdictions on numerous occasions. Courts generally hold that the effect of the lapse of time depends on the facts and circumstances of the case, as to whether or not the circumstances indicate a subsisting approval, or indicate abandonment or revocation. If the objects to be served are the same, if there has been no exceptional change in the physical setup of the community, the courts incline to a finding that the lapse of time has not invalidated the electors' approval, and especially is this true if the excuses offered for the delay are impressive. When the same project is to be financed, when the background is not unduly modified, and the delay is not unreasonable, courts as a rule uphold the vitality of the electors' approval.

The rule is established by weight of authority that a mere lapse of time between authorization and issuance does not in and of itself show a forfeiture...