Ragler v. State

• Decision Date: 15 August 1973
• Docket Number: No. 863,863
• Citation: 18 Md.App. 671,308 A.2d 401
• Parties: Gordon Henry RAGLER v. STATE of Maryland.
• Court: Court of Special Appeals of Maryland

Page 671

18 Md.App. 671

308 A.2d 401

Gordon Henry RAGLER v. STATE of Maryland.

No. 863.

Court of Special Appeals of Maryland.

Aug. 15, 1973.

Certiorari Denied Oct. 16, 1973.

Michael I. Gordon, Baltimore, for appellant.

Arrie W. Davis, Asst. Atty. Gen., with whom were Francis B. Burch, Atty. Gen., Clarence W. Sharp, Asst. Atty. Gen., Samuel A. Green, Jr., State's Atty., for Baltimore County and John Hanson, Asst. State's Atty. for Baltimore County, on the brief, for appellee.

Argued before MORTON, MOYLAN and GILBERT, JJ.

MOYLAN, Judge.

The appellant, Gordon Henry Ragler, was convicted in the Circuit Court for Baltimore County by Judge Walter R. Haile, sitting without a jury, of two charges of armed robbery. Upon this appeal, he raises three contentions:

(1) That the court erroneously permitted an impermissibly suggestive in-court verification of an earlier pretrial photographic identification;

(2) That the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain the convictions; and (3) That the trial court abused its discretion in failing to grant a new trial.

Martin Louis Bees and Neil Stephen Lenhart were the victims of the armed robbery that occurred at Eddie's Esso Station on the Baltimore National Pike on May 30, 1972. Sgt. Walter Guraleczka, shortly thereafter, displayed 11 photographs to each victim separately. Each selected the photograph of the appellant. The appellant now does not contend that that pretrial photographic viewing was impermissibly suggestive with respect to either victim. His only complaint is that when the victims took the witness stand, they were asked to look again at the group of 11 photographs and to select the one which they had selected on the earlier occasion. He claims that this procedure was impermissibly suggestive in that the photograph of the appellant was on top of the deck. The short answer to this contention is that the appellant did not object to the in-court testimony and that there is, therefore, nothing before us for review. Maryland Rule 1085. We note, moreover, that the in-court testimony was not a fresh selection but a mere verification of a selection which had been made at an earlier date. The Wade-Gilbert-Stovall rules he attempts to invoke are totally inappropriate under these circumstances.

A legal extrajudicial identification, in person or by photograph, of the perpetrator of a crime by an eyewitness to that crime is evidence legally sufficient to sustain a conviction, when the person who made that identification is present in court and where the fact of that identification is appropriately established on the trial record. Johnson v. State, 18 Md.App. 571, 308 A.2d 426, filed August 10, 1973.

The appellant actually made two motions for a new trial. We will consider only the first of these, since we hold that the second was premature and, therefore, a nullity. The guilty verdict in this case was handed down on September 22, 1972. The first motion for a new trial under Maryland Rule 759 was timely filed. A hearing was had on that motion and it was denied on October 6, 1972. On October 16, 1972, the appellant filed a second motion for a new trial under Maryland Rule 764. A hearing on that motion was commenced on October 25 and was continued until November 27. On November 27, the motion was denied. The appellant was thereafter sentenced. Maryland Rule 764 is concerned primarily with the revisory power possessed by a court over its sentences and other judgments. Section b deals with the time for the modification or reduction of a sentence. Subsection b.3 "Newly Discovered Evidence" provides:

"The court may, pursuant to a motion filed within the time set forth in subsection 1 of this section, grant a new trial or other appropriate relief on the ground of newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under section a of Rule 759 (Motions After Verdict)."

The time set forth in subsection 1 is very specific:

"For a period of ninety (90) days after the imposition of a sentence, or within ninety (90) days after receipt by the court of a mandate issued by the Court of Appeals or the Court of Special Appeals upon affirmance of the judgment or dismissal of appeal, or thereafter, pursuant to motion filed within such period, the court shall have revisory power and control over the judgment or other judicial act forming a part of the proceedings."

Since the motion in this case was made and the hearing on that motion was held prior to the imposition of the sentence, it was not authorized by Maryland Rule 764 and must be considered a nullity. See Jones v. Warden, 11 Md.App. 343, 274 A.2d 400.

We shall now look to the question of whether the trial judge abused his discretion in denying the motion for a new trial on October 6, 1972. That motion was timely made under Maryland Rule 759. The appellant advanced two reasons why he should have a new trial. The first was that the appellant now wished to submit to a lie detector test. The court quite properly ruled that this afforded no basis to award a new trial:

"The Court: If the Defendant is tried under a plea of not guilty, he has the presumption of innocence throughout the trial and if no lie detector test is requested by the State, I put to you the question, does the Defendant, after conviction, have a right to demand a lie detector test. Do you have a precedent for that?

Mr. Gordon: I could find nothing on the point, one way or the other, although I attempted to.

The Court: Logic dictates to me that I deny the request in the absence of a precedent and the reason for that is, it is a matter of public policy."

The second reason advanced by the appellant was that the appellant's attorney had just learned from one Michael Ebbs, then in confinement in the Baltimore County Jail, that Ebbs acknowledged having committed the crime along with one Clifton "Butch" Taylor. The...