RANA v. THE STATE.

• Decision Date: 01 July 2010
• Docket Number: BA-018C,A10A0424.
• Parties: RANA v. THE STATE.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

RANA

v.THE STATE.

BA-018C

A10A0424.

Court of Appeals of Georgia

July 1, 2010

BARNES, P. J.,

BERNES, J., and SENIOR APPELLATE JUDGE BLACKBURN

Barnes, Presiding Judge.

A jury found Kamlesh Rana guilty of criminal attempt to commit murder and criminal solicitation to commit murder. The trial court merged the solicitation count into the attempt conviction and sentenced Rana to five years in prison, followed by five years on probation. Rana appeals, challenging the sufficiency of the evidence, the admission of certain testimony, the trial court's jury instructions, and his sentence. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

1. In reviewing Rana's challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we construe the evidence favorably to the jury's verdict, and Rana no longer enjoys a presumption of innocence. Hughes v. State, 290 Ga. App. 475 (659 SE2d 844) (2008). We do not weigh the evidence or resolve issues of witness credibility, but merely determine whether the jury was authorized to find Rana guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.

So viewed, the evidence shows that in April 2007, Detective Michael Lee of the Kingsland Police Department received a tip from a confidential informant that Rana wanted to hire a hit man to kill his uncle. Detective Lee involved the Georgia Bureau of Investigation ("GBI") in the investigation. During a meeting that included the confidential informant, Detective Lee, and a GBI agent, the informant received a telephone call from Rana. Detective Lee took the telephone from the informant and, posing as a hit man, told Rana that he could "tak[e] care of the problem that [Rana] had with the uncle." Rana indicated that Lee "need[ed] to hurry" because his uncle was going to the Jacksonville airport for a flight to London. When Lee replied that he wanted money first, Rana stated: "No, just hurry, just hurry; don't worry about the money... just get him, get him; he's heading to the airport."

Lee told Rana that he had "people" going to the airport to take care of the problem and that they needed to meet for a down payment. Rana instructed Lee to meet him at his house. Under audio and video surveillance of the GBI, Lee and the confidential informant went to the residence to meet with Rana. During the meeting, Rana stated that he wanted his uncle shot. When Lee asked whether he was "sure," Rana replied "yeah." The confidential informant called a GBI agent who was posing as a hit-man in Florida, and Rana gave Lee a handwritten check for $5,000. A few minutes later, the confidential informant spoke with the "hit man," who "advised that the murder had been completed." Rana then gave Lee a $2,000 check.

The jury found Rana guilty of criminal attempt to commit murder and criminal solicitation to commit murder. The evidence supports these verdicts. Criminal attempt results "when, with intent to commit a specific crime, [a person] performs any act which constitutes a substantial step toward the commission of that crime." OCGA § 16-4-1. A person commits criminal solicitation "when, with intent that another person engage in conduct constituting a felony, he solicits, requests, commands, importunes, or otherwise attempts to cause the other person to engage in such conduct." OCGA § 16-4-7 (a). Given the evidence presented, including that Rana asked Lee to have his uncle killed, described the uncle's location, and made two payments totaling $7,000, the jury was authorized to find Rana guilty of criminal attempt to commit murder and solicitation of murder. See O'Kelly v. State, 196 Ga. App. 860, 862 (3) (397 SE2d 197) (1990); Howell v. State, 157 Ga. App. 451, 455-457 (4) (278 SE2d 43) (1981).

Trying to combat these findings, Rana argues that, as a matter of law, the defenses of impossibility and entrapment barred his convictions. With respect to impossibility, Rana claims that by the time he met with Lee outside his home, his uncle was already through security at the Jacksonville airport, rendering a murder at that point impossible. He further argues that because the bank account on which the checks were written contained no funds, he ultimately could not pay for a hit.

The defense of impossibility, however, is limited. Pursuant to OCGA § 16-4-4, "[i]t is no defense to a charge of criminal attempt that the crime the accused is charged with attempting was, under the attendant circumstances, factually or legally impossible of commission if such crime could have been committed had the attendant circumstances been as the accused believed them to be." The evidence shows that when Rana met with Lee, the uncle was in a secure portion of the Jacksonville airport. Nothing indicates, however, that Rana knew his uncle was out of a hit man's reach. On the contrary, Rana urged Lee to "get" his uncle, and when Rana thought that Lee's associates had the uncle cornered at the airport, he told Lee to have him killed.

Although the uncle's actual location may have precluded a hit, the evidence shows that Rana believed the hit was possible. Similarly, even if Rana's bank account was empty, the "hit man" accepted a check for his work, and Rana offered no evidence that he believed his financial situation would derail the hit. Given these circumstances, impossibility was not a defense. See Gordon v. State, 252 Ga. App. 133, 134 (1) (555 SE2d 793) (2001); compare Guzman v. State, 206 Ga. App. 170, 172 (2) (424 SE2d 849) (1992) (impossibility defense raised where defendant could not have completed drug purchase because she had no money) (physical precedent only).

Rana's entrapment argument also lacks merit. The defense of entrapment has three distinct elements: "(1) the idea for the commission of the crime must originate with the state agent; (2) the crime must be induced by the agent's undue persuasion, incitement, or deceit; and (3) the defendant must not be predisposed to commit the crime." Rapier v. State, 245 Ga. App. 211, 212 (1) (535 SE2d 860) (2000). According to Rana, authorities took advantage of him and induced him to solicit the murder while he was "in an extremely drunken state." But nothing in the surveillance video demonstrates that, as a matter of law, Lee or the confidential informant took advantage of Rana or induced him to engage in criminal activity. And although Rana testified that he had been drinking heavily and did not remember the day in question, jurors were authorized to disbelieve this testimony, particularly given their observations of Rana on the video.

Despite Rana's claims to the contrary, the evidence did not demand a finding of entrapment. The jury, which was fully instructed on the issue, was entitled to weigh the evidence and find that Rana was not induced by authorities to hire a hit man. Accordingly, the evidence was sufficient to support his convictions. See Rapier, supra.

2. Rana also claims that the trial court erred in refusing to give his requested jury instruction on impossibility. As discussed above, however, the facts failed to raise an impossibility defense. Rana did not testify that he thought the hit was impossible when he met with Lee. In fact, he claimed to remember nothing from...