Randall's Estate, In re

• Decision Date: 20 May 1968
• Docket Number: No. 21990,21990
• Citation: Randall's Estate, In re, 441 P.2d 153, 166 Colo. 1 (Colo. 1968)
• Parties: In the Matter of the ESTATE of Edna O. RANDALL, Deceased. Earl L. DRAKE, as Executor of the Estate of Edna O. Randall, Deceased, Plaintiff in Error. v. COLORADO STATE HOSPITAL, Defendant in Error.
• Court: Colorado Supreme Court

Page 153

441 P.2d 153

166 Colo. 1

In the Matter of the ESTATE of Edna O. RANDALL, DeceasedEarl L. DRAKE, as Executor of the Estate of Edna O. RandallDeceased, Plaintiff in Error. v.COLORADO STATE HOSPITAL, Defendant in Error.

No. 21990.

Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc.

May 20, 1968.

Rehearing Denied June 17, 1968.

Southard & Shouthard, Greeley, for plaintiff in error.

Duke W. Dunbar, Atty. Gen., Frank E. Hickey, Deputy Atty. Gen., Richard D. Robb, Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for defendant in error.

DAY, Justice.

Two questions of public importance are presented by this writ of error:

I.

Does the nonclaim statute of Colorado, C.R.S. 1963, 153--12--12(1), bar a claim of the state of Colorado not filed within the time period prescribed?

II.

Must the state of Colorado comply with the procedure set forth in C.R.S. 1963, 71--1--15, before liability for the care of an indigent mental incompetent may be asserted against one of the relatives liable by law for such maintenance?

We will discuss the questions in that order after a brief recital of the stipulated facts.

In June, 1937, Elizabeth Drake, then a minor, was adjudged incompetent and committed to the Colorado State Hospital where she has been confined ever since.Her father and mother were William and Edna Drake.William died in s944, and the mother, Edna, married C. H. Randall in 1958.In 1960 Edna was again widowed.She died on February 11, 1963.

On February 27, 1963, the executor of Edna Randall's estate published the statutory notice to creditors setting September 3, 1963 as the last day for filing claims against the estate.The executor filed his final report with the court on September 6, 1963, and statutory notice of final settlement was published setting October 14, 1963 as the last day to file objections to the final report.On September 19, 1963 the Colorado State Hospital filed a claim against the estate of Edna Randall for the care and maintenance of Elizabeth.The claim--sixteen days late--covered the period of twenty-six years from the date of Elizabeth's admission to the date of Edna Randall's death.

No payment for Elizabeth's care and maintenance at the Colorado State Hospital was ever made by Elizabeth's father in his lifetime, or by her mother up to the time of her death, and this fact was not certified to the committing court.Equally important to one of the questions raised herein is that the superintendent of the Colorado State Hospital did not seek to determine in the committing court whether Elizabeth's father or mother were able financially to contribute to Elizabeth's support and maintenance in the hospital.

In ruling on the hospital's claim, the district court of Weld County held that the sovereign state of Colorado, through which the Colorado State Hospital was organized and being operated, is not bound by the time limitations for filing claims set forth in the nonclaim statute.The trial court further held that although the superintendent of the Colorado State Hospital did not petition the committing court for a determination of the liability and the financial ability of Elizabeth's mother to contribute to the care and maintenance of Elizabeth, such failure did not prevent recovery; it stated in its ruling that, 'said hospital is free to adopt any remedy or legal measure which is available to it as provided by law.'

I.

On the first question whether the claim of the Colorado State Hospital is barred--we hold that it is.In doing so we are fully cognizant of State v. Estate of Griffith, 130 Colo. 312, 275 P.2d 945; nevertheless, we hold that insofar as the instant opinion is inconsistent with the language contained in Griffith which declares the rule of law the same both as to a nonclaim statute and a statute of limitations, we expressly overrule the Griffith holding.The statute here under consideration, C.R.S. 1963, 153--12--12(1), provides in pertinent part as follows:

'All claims, including unmatured and contingent claims, shall be filed on or before the date fixed in the notice to creditors as the last date for filing claims, and if not so filed, shall be forever barred against said estate * * *; wherever it may be necessary to preserve or protect the estate for the benefit of persons in interest, the personal representative may pay any tax, assessment or encumbrance without the filing of a claim * * *.'

The wording of the section decreeing that claims 'if not so filed, shall be forever barred' is not the language of a statute of limitations.The verbiage in the Griffith case, in failing to distinguish between a nonclaim statute and the statute of limitations and classifying the two together, was erroneous.The weight of authority at the time of the Griffith decision, and now, is that a sovereign or its subdivisions as a claimant is subject to the same limitations for filing a claim as any other creditor who may make a claim against the estate of a decedent.Bahr v. Zahm, 219 Ind. 297, 37 N.E.2d 942;In re Estate of Ashing, 250 Iowa 259, 93 N.W.2d 587;In re Estate of Dockham, 108 N.H. 80, 227 A.2d 774;Reith v. County of Mountrail, 104 N.W.2d 667(N.D.);State ex rel. State Bd. of Charities and Reform v. Bower, 362 P.2d 814(Wyo.);Annot, 34 A.L.R.2d 1003--1014.

The rationale for this distinction is that while a nonclaim statute appears to be in the nature of a statute of limitations, it is clearly not such.A nonclaim statute operates to deprive a court of jurisdiction.The personal representative of an estate can neither waive it nor toll it.Crowley v. Farmers State Bank, 109 Colo. 146, 123 P.2d 407;Haley v. Austin, 74 Colo. 571, 223 P. 43.This rule has been modified only for reasons specified in C.R.S. 1963, 153--12--13.A nonclaim statute imposes a condition precedent to the enforcement of a right of action; that is to say, the claim must be presented within the time set in the notice to creditors or be Barred.A statute of limitations, on the other hand, does not bar the right of action but only the remedy.Rogers v. Rogers, 96 Colo. 473, 44 P.2d 909.Such a statute may be tolled.Such a statute is a defense which is waived if not affirmatively pleaded.R.C.P.Colo. 8.

The nonclaim statute providing for an absolute bar of a claim filed late is intended to expedite the orderly and exact settlement of estates of decedents.Otherwise,

'* * * the settlement of an estate might be deferred indefinitely, and the heirs and legatees, the rightful owners of the property of the estate, or beneficiaries of the will of the decedent, (will be) kept out of the enjoyment of their possessions and deprived of the benefits secured to them by the laws of the state for such unreasonable time as to practically deprive them of their property.No such possibility should be brought about by the failure of government officials to comply with the requirements of the statute.'Brooks v. Federal Land Bank, 106 Fla. 412, 143 So. 749.

In Wyoming the case of State ex rel. State Bd. of Charities and Reform v. Bower, supra, clearly enunciated the general rule.Involved therein was a late-filed claim filed by the state of Wyoming against a decedent's estate for the cost of care and maintenance of the deceased while a patient in a state hospital.In holding the claim was barred, the Wyoming Supreme Court said:

'The question presented here is not whether the estate of a deceased person can be held liable by the State for the cost of care and maintenance of the deceased while a patient at the State hospital.It is whether the liability for that cost may be satisfied from the assets of the deceased without the State's observing the procedural conditions precedent which have been imposed by the State's own legislature.Had it been the legislative purpose to exempt the State from compliance with those precedent procedures, it might easily have done so.The failure to except the State from the barring provision of the statute makes necessary the plain implication that the lawmaking arm of the State's government did not intend that the State should be relieved of the requirement.* * * If the legislature did not see fit to say the door should be left open indefinitely for the State to come forward with its legitimate claim against the estate, it would be highly improper for this court to read into its statute an exception which the enactment did not see fit to incorporate within it.'

In overruling our decision in the Griffith case, we wish to make it clearly understood that it is not intended in this decision to affect the ruling in Ray v. State, 123 Colo. 144, 226 P.2d 804, cited in the Griffith decision.The late claim involved in Ray was for income taxes owed by the deceased.We make the distinction concerning...