Rattner v. Lehman, 112

• Decision Date: 10 January 1952
• Docket Number: Docket 22170.,No. 112,112
• Citation: 193 F.2d 564
• Parties: RATTNER et al. v. LEHMAN et al.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

193 F.2d 564 (1952)

RATTNER et al. v. LEHMAN et al.

No. 112, Docket 22170.

United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.

Argued December 5, 1951.

Decided January 10, 1952.

Morris J. Levy, New York City, for appellant.

Sullivan & Cromwell, New York City (Eustace Seligman and Inzer B. Wyatt, New York City, of counsel), for appellees.

Roger S. Foster, Gen. Counsel and Myer Feldman, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D. C., amicus curiae.

Before SWAN, Chief Judge, and L. HAND and AUGUSTUS N. HAND, Circuit Judges.

SWAN, Chief Judge.

Between November 1948 and April 1949, Lehman Brothers, a partnership, purchased and sold 5,000 shares of the common stock of Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, whose stock was duly registered on the New York Stock Exchange. From such "short swing" transactions the partnership realized a profit of some $15,000. One of the partners, John D. Hertz, was a director of the Aircraft Corporation. His share of the partnership's profits from the said transactions was $806.62, and this sum he paid to the Aircraft Corporation when informed of them. The corporation having refused to bring suit against Lehman Brothers, a stockholder commenced the present action on its behalf pursuant to section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C.A. § 78p(b). After defendant Hertz had answered the complaint, he moved for summary judgment under Rule 56, F.R.C.P. 28 U.S.C.A. The other defendants moved under Rule 12(b) to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. The plaintiff countered with a cross-motion for summary judgment. The plaintiff's motion was denied and the defendants' motions were granted, the court's opinion being reported in 98 F.Supp. 1009. From the resulting judgment the plaintiff has appealed.

This appeal presents questions of novel impression. The first question concerns the extent of the liability of John D. Hertz, the partner who was a director of the Aircraft corporation. Specifically the question is whether he must account for more than his own share of the firm's profits. The district court correctly answered this question in the negative. The statute gives the corporation whose stock is purchased and sold in short swing transactions the right to recover from the director "any profit realized by him."¹ There are no circumstances indicating that Mr. Hertz "realized" anything other than his proportionate share of the firm's profits. Both sides appear to assume, as do we, that the purchases and sales of Vultee Aircraft stock were made without the knowledge of Mr. Hertz. Hence under a literal reading of the statute he cannot be held liable for profits "realized" by the other partners from the firm's short swing transactions. Whether the result might be different had he caused the firm to make them, we need not now determine. The conclusion that he must account for only his proportionate share of the firm's profits finds further support in Rule X-16A-3(b) of the Securities and Exchange Commission which permits a partner to file a report "only as to that amount of such equity security which represents his proportionate interest in the partnership."²

The second question concerns the liability of partners other than Mr. Hertz. None of them was the beneficial owner of more than 10 per cent. of the issuing corporation's stock or a director or an officer of the issuer.³ Section 16(b) contains no provision requiring the partners of a director to account for profits realized by them. The appellant argues that to construe the section so literally as to exclude them leaves a dangerous loophole in the statute. But the legislative history indicates that the omission of any provision for such liability was intentional. As the district court points out in its opinion, a provision in early drafts of the Act made liable any person who acted on confidential information disclosed by a director, but such provision was eliminated from the statute as finally enacted.

The Securities and Exchange Commission in its brief as amicus concedes that the judgment is correct but argues that the decision should rest not upon a literal interpretation of section 16(b) but upon the ground that Rule X-16A-3(b) has exempted the transactions in which the firm engaged. The Commission may exempt "transactions";⁴ but it cannot reduce the liability imposed by section 16(b). Hence if the statute made the partners jointly and severally liable for all the firm's profits from its short swing transactions, the Commission could not let off Director Hertz for all but his proportionate share as a partner. Nor could it give...