Recht-Goldin-Siegal Const., Inc. v. Wisconsin Dept. of Revenue

• Decision Date: 28 June 1974
• Docket Number: No. 79,RECHT-GOLDIN-SIEGAL,79
• Citation: 219 N.W.2d 379,64 Wis.2d 303
• Parties: CONSTRUCTION, INC., Appellant, v. WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, Respondent.
• Court: Wisconsin Supreme Court

Page 379

219 N.W.2d 379

64 Wis.2d 303

RECHT-GOLDIN-SIEGAL CONSTRUCTION, INC., Appellant, v. WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, Respondent.

No. 79.

Supreme Court of Wisconsin.

June 28, 1974.

Brady, Tyrrell, Cotter & Cutler, Milwaukee, for appellant; Samuel J. Recht and Thomas J. Donnelly, Jr., Milwaukee, of counsel.

Robert W. Warren, Atty. Gen., Allan P. Hubbard, Asst. Atty. Gen., Madison, for respondent.

WILKIE, Justice.

The only issue involved on this appeal is: Are carpeting and draperies, purchased for use in rental apartments, subject to the selective retail sales and use tax, secs. 77.52 and 77.53, Stats.1967?

In two recent cases, this court has construed provisions of the selective sales tax statutes. In these cases this court summarized the rules of construction to be applied in interpreting the provisions of the statute.

'. . . '. . . While it is to be conceded that if there is any ambiguity in a taxing statute, any doubt shall be resolved in favor of the taxpayer, Wadhams Oil Co. v. State (1933), 210 Wis. 448, 460, 246 N.W. (687) 689, a court is not to search for doubt in an endeavor to defeat an obvious legislative intention. " ¹

However, when statutory language is clear and unambiguous,

". . . no judicial rule of construction is permitted, and the court must arrive at the intention of the legislature by giving the language its ordinary and accepted meaning.' . . .' ²

Therefore, as stated by this court in National Amusement Co. v. Department of Revenue, ³ the ultimate result in the case turns upon whether the statute is ambiguous and doubtful. This court has consistently used the same test for ambiguity:

"A statute or portion thereof is ambiguous when it is capable of being understood by reasonably well-informed persons in either of two or more senses. . . .' State ex rel. Neelen v. Lucas (1964), 24 Wis.2d 262, 267, 128 N.W.2d 425, 428, citing State ex rel. West Allis v. Dieringer (1957), 275 Wis. 208, 218, 81 N.W.2d 533.' ⁴

However, when a case comes before this court it is obvious that people disagree as to the meaning to be given to a statute. This is not controlling. The court must determine whether 'well-informed persons' could have become confused. Since the case was submitted on stipulated facts, the issues decided by the Tax Appeals Commission and the Circuit Court for Dane county were questions of law. In considering such questions this court does not give any special weight to the trial court's conclusions. ⁵

Sec. 77.52(1)(a)9, Stats.1967, provided that the selective sales tax applied to the sale, lease or rental of:

'9. Household furniture, furnishings, floor coverings, major and small appliances, power tools, outdoor garden and lawn equipment and tools; office furniture, furnishings, equipment, machines, appliances and floor coverings; commercial food service machines and equipment; tavern, restaurant, fountain and store furniture, furnishings, equipment, machines, appliances and floor coverings; except that tanks, pumps, compressors and equipment for retail marketing of petroleum products are exempt from tax under this subchapter;'

Sec. 77.53(1) provided that an excise tax was levied and imposed on the storage, use or other consumption in this state of the taxable tangible personal property described in sec. 77.52 purchased from any retailer for storage, use or other consumption within this state. A retailer was defined, as pertinent here, for purposes of the selective sales and use tax as: ⁶

'(a) Every seller who makes any retail sale of taxable tangible personal property, and every person engaged in the business of making retail sales at auction of taxable tangible personal property owned by the person or others.

'(b) Every person engaged in the business of making sales of taxable tangible personal property for storage, use or consumption or in the business of making sales at auction of taxable tangible personal property owned by the person or others for storage, use or other consumption.'

The appellant first argues that the statutory language and structure clearly are inapplicable to carpet and draperies used by the purchaser in rental apartment units. The appellant argues that sub. 9 contains four categories--household, office, commercial, and tavern, restaurant, fountain and store. Since the only item preceded by the adjective 'commercial' is food service machines and equipment, the appellant argues that its 'commercial' draperies and floor coverings are not within the purview of the statute. However, as pointed out by the circuit court, office, tavern, restaurant and store items are 'commercial' property also. The statute does not clearly create a category for exclusively 'commercial' property only. In order to sustain the appellant's analysis one would have to assume that the 'household' category refers only to items used in the taxpayer's personal household. However, this begs the real question--whether the term 'household' is a generic adjective applying to the listed items whether they are used by the taxpayer for his own household or used by him in rental apartments leased by him for income purposes.

The appellant also points out that, in order to be subject to a use tax, the property must be sold by a retailer as defined in sec. 77.51, Stats.1967. The selective sales and use tax statutes were amended in 1969. By ch. 154, sec. 217 of the Laws of 1969, subch. III of ch. 77 was changed to a 'general' sales and use tax. There were extensive changes in the language of the statutes involved in this appeal. The definition of 'retailer' in sec. 77.51 was amended to read:

'(a) Every seller who makes any sale of tangible personal property or taxable service.

'(am) Any person making any retail sale of a motor vehicle, aircraft or boat registered, or required to be registered, under the laws of this state.

'(b) Every person engaged in the business of making sales of tangible personal property for storage, use or consumption sumption or in the business of making sales at auction of tangible personal property owned by the person or others for storage, use or other consumption.

'. . .

'(n) A person selling household furniture, furnishings, equipment, appliances or other items of tangible personal property to a landlord for use by tenants in leased or rented living quarters.'

The appellant argues that because the 1969 amendment added sec. 77.51(7)(n), which specifically includes persons selling household hold furnishings to landlords for use by tenants in the definition of 'retailer,' these persons were not 'retailers' under the 1967 statute. The appellant cites several cases in support of the principle that where an amendment adds language to a statute it is presumed that the legislature intended to include what was previously omitted. ⁷

Sutherland in his treatise on statutory construction acknowledges this presumption.

'The courts have declared that the mere fact that the legislature enacts an amendment indicates that it thereby intended to change the original act by creating a new right or withdrawing an existing one. Therefore, any material change in the language of the original act is presumed to indicate a change in legal rights. . . .' ⁸

However, Sutherland goes on to explain:

'Although a presumption of change in legal rights is probably reasonable in that an amendment is more frequently used to add or take a provision from a law than to interpret it, the fact of amendment by itself does not indicate whether the change is of substance or form--whether a right is added to or taken from the original act, or whether a provision in the original act is merely being interpreted, that is, made more detailed and specific. To determine this the circumstances surrounding the enactment must be looked to. If they indicate that the legislature intended to interpret the original act, the presumption is rebutted. An amendment of an unambiguous statute indicates a purpose to change the law, whereas no such purpose is indicated by the mere fact of an amendment of an ambiguous provision.' ⁹

In Prudential Building & Loan Association v. City of Louisville ¹⁰ the Court of Appeals of Kentucky indicated that where numerous changes are made in a prior statute, any particular change is not so indicative of the specific legislative purpose of the amendment as would be the case if it had been the only change. In this case extensive changes were made in the statutes in question to transform the statutes from a selective to a general sales and use tax structure. The specific mention of sellers of hosuehold furnishings to landlords was not an isolated and singular change in the statute. Therefore the presumption which normally would attach to an amendment is considerably weakened by virtue of its inclusion in a general revision of the entire statutory structure of the selective sales and use tax subchapter.

'Retailer' was always defined in the broadest terms in both the 1967 statute and the present statute. A 'retailer' under both statutes includes every seller who makes any sale of taxable tangible property Thus any further enumeration of specific persons who are included within the definition of 'retailer' must serve the purpose of making the statute more detailed and specific and removing all doubt as to its coverage. If the additional subsections were not enumerated they would certainly still be covered under the general broad definition of 'retailer' if they were sellers of goods subject to taxation under the statutes. We conclude, therefore, from the structure of the act and the extensiveness of the revision involved that the presumption that sec. 77.51(7)(n) of the new general sales and use tax subchapter indicates that such sellers were not 'retailers' under the prior selective sales and use tax statutes is rebutted. This argument based on the 1969 amendment of subch. III of ch. 77 of the Wisconsin Statutes does not support the appellant's claim that it is not subject to...