Reifsnyder v. Pittsburgh Outdoor Advertising Co.

• Decision Date: 18 July 1961
• Citation: 173 A.2d 319,405 Pa. 142
• Parties: H. Y. REIFSNYDER, Appellant, v. PITTSBURGH OUTDOOR ADVERTISING CO., a Pennsylvania corporation, Henry Posner, G. W. McCreary, E. C. Schodde, Eugene B. Strassburger, B. L. Robbins, A. L. Bauers, Henry Posner, Jr., and William Smith.
• Court: Pennsylvania Supreme Court

Page 319

173 A.2d 319

405 Pa. 142

H. Y. REIFSNYDER, Appellant, v. PITTSBURGH OUTDOOR ADVERTISING CO., a Pennsylvania

corporation, Henry Posner, G. W. McCreary, E. C.

Schodde, Eugene B. Strassburger, B. L.

Robbins, A. L. Bauers, Henry

Posner, Jr., and

William Smith.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

July 18, 1961.

Rehearing Denied Aug. 18, 1961.

John C. Hanna, Metz, Cook, Hanna & Kelly, Pittsburgh, for appellant.

Carl E. Glock, Reed, Smith, Shaw & McClay, Strassburger & McKenna, and

Eckert, Seamans & Cherin, Pittsburgh, for appellees.

Before CHARLES ALVIN JONES, C. J., and BELL, MUSMANNO, COHEN, BOK, and EAGEN, JJ.

COHEN, Justice.

We are called upon in these appeals to determine whether the defendants in a prior action brought by a shareholder are entitled to have the plaintiff in that action pay the costs and attorneys fees incurred by them in successfully defending that suit by virtue of the Act of April 18, 1945, P.L. 253, 12 P.S. § 1321. ¹ In order to make this determination we must decide whether the prior action in which the present appellant was the plaintiff and the present appellees, the defendants, was a secondary or derivative suit as opposed to a direct personal or representative one. ²

The prior action, Reifsnyder v. Pittsburgh Outdoor Advertising Company, 1959, 396 Pa. 320, 152 A.2d 894, was a suit by a minority shareholder against the corporation whose stock he owned and against certain of its officers and directors. In that suit Reifsnyder, the present appellant, contested the validity of resolutions enacted at a shareholders' meeting and passed by votes of the majority shareholder. The resolutions in question authorized the corporation to purchase on its own behalf all the stock in the corporation held by the majority shareholder and to increase the corporation's indebtedness in order to finance the purchase. Reifsnyder also sought in the prior action to nullify the acts taken pursuant to the resolution and to restore the status quo. Reifsnyder was unsuccessful in the lower court in that action and when the case came before us on appeal we dismissed the appeal because of failure to join an indispensable party. The present appellees then petitioned the court of common pleas to determine and award fees and expenses incurred in the defense of the initial action. Approximately $70,000 was awarded to the appellees and this appeal followed.

Appellees claim that the appellant's act of posting security for costs in the original suit and the lower court's treatment of the former proceeding as a derivative suit are determinative of the issue before us. We do not feel that such factors are controlling. In determining whether a suit is direct or derivative the allegations of the complaint germane to the cause of action must govern. See 13 Fletcher, Cyclopedia Corporations § 5911 (rev. vol. 1961), and cases cited therein.

The complaint filed by Reifsnyder in the prior action was divided into three major sections. The first section contained 21 paragraphs which set forth in great detail the circumstances surrounding the adoption of the contested resolution and the events subsequent to the adoption of the resolution. The second section contains a request that the court adjudicate and decree that, (a) the resolution to increase the indebtedness was not adopted 'by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon;' (b) the majority of outstanding shares necessary to authorize an increase in indebtedness could only be obtained by the affirmative vote of the shares held by General Outdoor Advertising Company (the majority shareholder); (c) the shares held by General Outdoor Advertising were not entitled to vote at the meeting on the resolution to increase the indebtedness of Pittsburgh Outdoor Advertising; (d)(e)(f) & (g) the increase of the indebtedness was not properly authorized, was void for this and other reasons, and was prejudicial to the rights of the appellant as a shareholder; (h) the shares hold by General Outdoor Advertising were not entitled to vote for the resolution authorizing the purchase of the shares; (i) the action of the defendants in voting and/or accepting the votes at the meeting on the shares held by General Outdoor Advertising in favor of the resolution to purchase the shares held by General Outdoor Advertising was invalid and injurious to the rights of the appellant as a shareholder; (j) the actions of the defendants in effectuating the purchase of Pittsburgh stock owned by General Outdoor Advertising and the increase of indebtedness, 'upon the terms and in the manner hereinbefore averred,' constituted an improper exercise of corporate power by them for the benefit of the majority shareholder, General Outdoor Advertising, and a breach of their fiduciary duties to appellant as a shareholder of Pittsburgh Outdoor Advertising; (k) the purchase of stock and the increase of indebtedness 'upon the terms and conditions hereinbefore averred' amounted to an appropriation of the assets without the approval of all the shareholders as required by law that was injurious prejudicial to the appellant as a shareholder of Pittsburgh Outdoor Advertising; and (l) the price paid for the shares was excessive.

The third section of the complaint is a request that the court issue the decrees necessary to restore the status quo that existed before the adoption of the resolution.

If the complaint were limited to paragraph 'l' of the second section we might be constrained to hold that the original action was derivative for the reason that an excessive payment by the officers and directors of a corporation in the course of making a corporate acquisition would constitute a harm peculiar to the corporation and would normally only be indirectly injurious to a shareholder. ³ A suit by a shareholder to contest such a transaction would be of a derivative nature. ⁴

However, the complaint is not so limited. Indeed paragraphs 'a' through 'k' of the second section of the complaint are explicitly concerned with the right of a majority shareholder to vote on a resolution in which he has a personal pecuniary interest--the right of the majority shareholder to vote on a resolution authorizing the purchase of all of his shares. It appears that this question, namely the right of a majority shareholder to vote on a resolution in which he has a direct pecuniary interest, was the gravamen of the complaint in the prior action.

We now turn to the question of whether this issue raised in the complaint was purely frivolous and thus merely a subterfuge attempting to disguise a harm to the corporation by alleging such a harm in the terms of a direct injury to an individual shareholder. Although the courts have been reluctant in the absence of fraud or other special circumstances to deny the right of shareholders to participate in voting on matters in which they have an interest, we need not decide whether we would grant relief on the basis of such a cause of action. We must, however, recognize that appellant's theory is not novel and that there has been considerable...