Reneer v. Utah State Bar

Decision Date23 May 2014
Docket NumberNo. 20120760.,20120760.
Citation325 P.3d 104,761 Utah Adv. Rep. 28
CourtUtah Supreme Court
PartiesIn the Matter of the DISCIPLINE OF Jere B. RENEER, Jere B. Reneer, Petitioner, v. Utah State Bar, Respondent.

OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE

Jere Reneer, Provo, pro se petitioner.

Todd Wahlquist, Salt Lake City, for respondent.

Justice DURHAM, opinion of the Court:

INTRODUCTION

¶ 1 Attorney Jere Reneer appeals the decision of the Utah Supreme Court's Ethics and Discipline Committee (discipline committee) to privately admonish him for violating rules 1.8(f) and 8.4(a) of the Utah Rules of Professional Conduct. We hold that the Office of Professional Conduct (OPC) did not produce substantial evidence that Mr. Reneer violated rule 1.8(f) by failing to obtain the informed consent of his client to receive compensation from a third party. Moreover, rule 8.4(a) may not be used as an independent ground for attorney discipline. We therefore reverse the discipline committee's order admonishing Mr. Reneer.

BACKGROUND

¶ 2 After the police arrested Thomas Broude for criminal trespass and aggravated assault, Joe Scheeler at the Utah Legal Group (ULG) contacted Mr. Broude through the mail about legal representation. Mr. Scheeler is not an attorney, and ULG is not a law firm, but rather a marketing company that recruits paying clients for Utah attorneys. Mr. Broude spoke with Mr. Scheeler and then requested that his mother, Judy Carey, also speak with Mr. Scheeler because she would be paying for the legal representation. Ms. Carey met with Mr. Scheeler and signed a contract with ULG. The contract specified that in exchange for Ms. Carey's agreement to pay $6,000, ULG would find and retain an attorney for Mr. Broude. The contract stated ULG would pay all attorney's fees, monitor Mr. Broude's cases, and resolve disputes between the attorney and the client.

¶ 3 Ms. Carey incorrectly believed that ULG was a law firm that would represent her son. Ms. Carey alleged that ULG's ads represented that it would “kick ass” and could “get things accomplished that no other firm could.” Ms. Carey claimed that Mr. Scheeler told her that without ULG's help, her son would face extensive jail time, probation, and fines, but that if she retained ULG, Mr. Broude would avoid jail. Ms. Carey also alleged that when she expressed her concern about ULG's high fee and mentioned the possibility of a public defender, Mr. Scheeler told her that if she did not want to see her son go to jail, she should think twice about getting a public defender.

¶ 4 After Ms. Carey signed the contract, ULG contacted Mr. Reneer, and he agreed to represent Mr. Broude for a flat fee of $2,500. Mr. Reneer was not aware of the amount Ms. Carey agreed to pay ULG. Neither Ms. Carey nor Mr. Broude ever signed a separate fee agreement with Mr. Reneer. Mr. Reneer and an associate at his firm, Reneer & Associates, met with Mr. Broude to discuss his two cases, requested discovery from the prosecutors, and represented Mr. Broude at several pretrial hearings. Despite Mr. Broude's prior criminal history, Reneer & Associates negotiated a plea in abeyance for the criminal trespass charge and a plea agreement on the aggravated assault charge, lowering the charge from a third-degree felony to a class A misdemeanor. The court sentenced Mr. Broude to 365 days in jail on the reduced charge, but suspended all but 120 days of the sentence. Mr. Broude's jail sentence was 60 days less than the 180 days recommended by Adult Probation and Parole in the presentence report.

¶ 5 Due to Mr. Scheeler's alleged promise that Mr. Broude would not receive a jail sentence, Ms. Carey was unhappy with this result. Ms. Carey wrote a letter to Mr. Scheeler expressing her discontent and stating her intention to stop making payments toward the remaining debt she still owed to ULG. Ms. Carey then submitted a complaint against Mr. Reneer to the Utah State Bar Consumer Assistance Program. The complaint incorrectly referred to Mr. Reneer as an attorney working for the law firm “Utah Legal Group.” In her complaint, Ms. Carey sought a waiver of the $1,600 she still owed ULG, as well as a $1,000 refund from the money she had already paid to ULG.

¶ 6 The OPC investigated Ms. Carey's complaint and concluded that Mr. Reneer may have violated (1) rule 1.5(b) of the Utah Rules of Professional Conduct, which requires that a lawyer communicate the scope of representation and the basis and rate of fees to the client; (2) rule 1.8(f), which prohibitsa lawyer from accepting compensation from one other than the client without the client's informed consent to do so; (3) rule 5.4(a), which prohibits a lawyer from sharing legal fees with a nonlawyer; and (4) rule 8.4(a), which defines professional misconduct for a lawyer. The OPC then referred the matter to a screening panel of the discipline committee for further investigation.

¶ 7 The screening panel held a hearing to investigate the potential violations identified by the OPC. Ms. Carey, Mr. Reneer, and an associate at Mr. Reneer's firm all testified, but Mr. Broude did not attend the hearing. The screening panel found that Mr. Reneer violated rules 1.8(f) and 8.4(a) because he failed to obtain informed consent from Mr. Broude to receive compensation from Ms. Carey or ULG. The panel determined that Mr. Reneer's conduct caused little or no injury and recommended that he be privately admonished for the violations.

¶ 8 Mr. Reneer filed an exception to the screening panel's recommendation with the discipline committee. Because Mr. Reneer did not request a new hearing, the discipline committee made its determination based on the record before the screening panel. The discipline committee concluded that Mr. Reneer provided competent representation to his client and that the outcome was reasonable, but determined that substantial evidence supported the screening panel's findings that Mr. Reneer violated rules 1.8(f) and 8.4(a). The discipline committee issued an order privately admonishing Mr. Reneer for the violations. Mr. Reneer appealed the discipline committee's ruling.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶ 9 In this appeal, we review whether the disciplinary action taken against Mr. Reneer was supported by substantial evidence. In proceedings before the screening panel, the OPC bears the burden of proof to show that discipline is warranted. Sup.Ct. R. Prof'l Practice 14–517(c). The party filing an exception from the screening panel's recommendation to the discipline committee has “the burden of showing that the determination or recommendation of the screening panel is unsupported by substantial evidence.” Id. 14–510(d)(3). Finally, the party seeking review of the discipline committee's final determination in this court “shall have the burden of demonstrating that the Committee action was ... [b]ased on a determination of fact that is not supported by substantial evidence when viewed in light of the whole record before the Court.” Id. 14–510(f)(5). Because all of the evidence in this case was presented before the screening panel, we review the panel's findings of fact based on the evidence before it.1

¶ 10 Under our traditional substantial evidence standard of review, [a] decision is supported by substantial evidence if there is a quantum and quality of relevant evidence that is adequate to convince a reasonable mind to support a conclusion.” Becker v. Sunset City, 2013 UT 51, ¶ 10, 309 P.3d 223 (internal quotation marks omitted). “Substantial evidence is more than a mere scintilla of evidence and something less than the weight of the evidence.” Id. ¶ 21 (internal quotation marks omitted). “In conducting a substantial evidence review, we do not reweigh the evidence and independently choose which inferences we find to be the most reasonable,” but merely determine if sufficient evidence exists to allow a reasonable fact-finder to arrive at a particular conclusion. Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

¶ 11 Our review of factual determinations made during attorney discipline proceedings, however, is less deferential than under our traditional substantial evidence standard of review. See In re Discipline of Tanner, 960 P.2d 399, 401 (Utah 1998) (“Reviewof attorney discipline proceedings is fundamentally different from judicial review in other cases.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Under Article VIII, section 4 of the Utah Constitution, [t]he Supreme Court by rule shall govern the practice of law, including ... the conduct and discipline of persons admitted to practice law.” Thus,

in light of our constitutional mandate and the unique nature of disciplinary actions and our knowledge of the nature of the practice of law, we accord less deference to the findings of a lower tribunal. We reserve the right to draw inferences from basic facts which may differ from the inferences drawn by the lower tribunal.

Utah State Bar v. Jardine (In re Discipline of Jardine), 2012 UT 67, ¶ 26, 289 P.3d 516 (internal quotation marks omitted); accord In re Discipline of Babilis, 951 P.2d 207, 213 (Utah 1997); In re Knowlton, 800 P.2d 806, 808 (Utah 1990). Under this less deferential substantial evidence standard of review, we still “presume that the [lower tribunal's] findings of fact are correct, although we may set those findings aside if they are not supported by the evidence.” Jardine, 2012 UT 67, ¶ 26, 289 P.3d 516 (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted).

ANALYSIS
I. RULE 1.8(f)

¶ 12 Rule 1.8(f) of the Utah Rules of Professional Conduct states that [a] lawyer shall not accept compensation for representing a client from one other than the client unless ... the client gives informed consent.” The rules define informed consent as “the agreement by a person to a proposed course of conduct after the lawyer has communicated adequate information and explanation about the material risks of and reasonably available alternatives to the proposed course of conduct.” Utah R. Prof'l Conduct R. 1.0(f). Informed consent is required when a...

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2 cases
  • Steffensen v. Office of Prof'l Conduct (In re Steffensen)
    • United States
    • Utah Supreme Court
    • September 24, 2018
    ...be made, our inquiry stops." State v. Booker , 709 P.2d 342, 345 (Utah 1985) ; see also In re Discipline of Reneer , 2014 UT 18, ¶ 11, 325 P.3d 104 ("Under this less deferential ... standard of review, we still ‘presume that the [district court’s] finds of fact are correct , although we may......
  • Steffensen v. Office of Prof'l Conduct (In re Steffensen)
    • United States
    • Utah Supreme Court
    • January 7, 2021
    ...and our decision is ultimately guided by our deference to the district court. See, e.g., In re Discipline of Reneer , 2014 UT 18, ¶ 11, 325 P.3d 104 (explaining that in disciplinary proceedings this court must "presume that the [lower tribunal's] findings of fact are correct, although we ma......

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