Richardson Elec. v. Panache Broad. Pennsylvania, s. 99-8043

• Decision Date: 31 January 2000
• Docket Number: Nos. 99-8043,s. 99-8043
• Citation: 202 F.3d 957
• Parties: (7th Cir. 2000) Richardson Electronics, Ltd., et al., Petitioners, v. Panache Broadcasting of Pennsylvania, Inc., Defendant-Appellee. & 99-8044
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Page 957

202 F.3d 957 (7th Cir. 2000)

Richardson Electronics, Ltd., et al., Petitioners, v. Panache Broadcasting of Pennsylvania, Inc., Defendant-Appellee.

Nos. 99-8043 & 99-8044

In the United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit

Submitted November 24, 1999

Decided January 31, 2000

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 90 C 6400--John A. Nordberg, Judge.

Before Posner, Chief Judge, and Manion and Diane P. Wood, Circuit Judges.

Posner, Chief Judge.

We have before us a request for permission to file an interlocutory appeal under 28 U.S.C. sec. 1292(b). The request requires us to consider the relation between that section and Rule 23(f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which permits interlocutory appeals from orders granting or denying class certification. Blair v. Equifax Check Services, Inc., 181 F.3d 832 (7th Cir. 1999). Rule 23(f) became effective on December 1, 1998, long after this suit was filed but before the order sought to be appealed was issued. Generally a new procedural rule applies to the uncompleted portions of suits pending when the rule became effective, and we have no reason to depart from the general principle in regard to Rule 23(f).

The plaintiffs--radio stations and other users of electron power tubes (EPTs)-- brought this class action suit in 1990 against manufacturers of the product, alleging that the defendants were fixing prices and otherwise violating the federal antitrust laws to the harm of the plaintiffs, who seek damages. On May 13, over the defendants' objections, the district judge certified a class of EPT purchasers allegedly harmed by the defendants' actions. Two months later the defendants asked the judge to certify his order of certification for immediate appeal under section 1292(b). He granted the motion in October and within the limit of 10 days permitted by the statute the defendants requested our permission to take the appeal.

There is no time limit in the statute or in any applicable rules for seeking the district judge's permission to appeal under 1292(b), in contrast to the 10-day limit not here exceeded on seeking our permission if the district judge grants his, concurrent permissions being required. But a district judge should not grant an inexcusably dilatory request, Weir v. Propst, 915 F.2d 283, 287 (7th Cir. 1990); Ferraro v. Secretary of HHS, 780 F. Supp. 978 (E.D.N.Y. 1992); cf. Marisol v. Giuliani, 104 F.3d 524, 529 (2d Cir. 1996), as this appears to be; if he does, we'll refuse our permission to appeal. In any event, no excuse for the defendants' taking two months to appeal has been offered except the patently inadequate one that the case had been "largely dormant" for nine years, requiring the defendants' lawyer to refamiliarize himself with it in the face of a "pre-existing, conflicting commitment to meet a deadline in another case." In these circumstances, the delay alone was sufficient grounds for us to refuse our permission to appeal.

A harder question is whether the appeal satisfies the criteria for a section 1292(b) appeal, which is whether the order sought to be appealed presents a controlling question of law as to which there is a substantial ground for disagreement and the resolution of which may materially advance the completion of the litigation. We shall not have to answer that question, because it merges into the important question presented by the request for our permission to appeal, which is the relation between section 1292(b), which as we said has no fixed deadline for seeking the permission of the district court to take an appeal, and Rule 23(f), which imposes a deadline of 10 days from the date of the order sought to be appealed, a deadline which (if applicable) the defendants exceeded by more than six weeks.

The question in this case that the defendants argue, and the district judge agreed, satisfies the criteria for a section 1292(b) appeal is whether the legal and factual questions common to the certified class of EPT users predominate over the individual questions, so as to justify class treatment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3), given that (according to the defendants) the suit embraces hundreds of different kinds of EPT. This question seems rather too fact-specific to be suitable for a 1292(b) appeal, but the more significant point is that it fits much more neatly into Rule 23(f). The rule itself does not set forth...