Richmond v. Hutchinson
| Decision Date | 18 August 2003 |
| Docket Number | No. 2002–436.,2002–436. |
| Citation | 149 N.H. 749,829 A.2d 1075 |
| Court | New Hampshire Supreme Court |
| Parties | William McNeir RICHMOND v. Andrew HUTCHINSON. Environmental Showcase, Ltd., v. Andrew Hutchinson. |
William McNeir Richmond P.C., of Wolfeboro (William McNeir Richmond on the brief and orally), for the plaintiffs.
Bryan W. Clickner, of Londonderry, by brief and orally, for the defendant.
The plaintiffs, Environmental Showcase, Ltd. (ES) and its chief operating officer, William McNeir Richmond, appeal an order of the Superior Court (Fauver , J.). The court awarded liquidated damages to ES' former employee, defendant Andrew Hutchinson, because ES willfully failed to pay his wages, found Richmond personally liable for those wages, and awarded Hutchinson attorney's fees. We affirm.
In December 1999, ES, a "dot com" Internet company, employed Hutchinson and five others. Richmond managed the company's day-to-day operations. ES had a history of borrowing money and began many payroll periods without sufficient funds to pay wages. Richmond was unable to borrow money to make the December 31 payroll. Consequently, Hutchinson never received wages of $3,615.98. Both ES and Richmond concede the validity of Hutchinson's wage claim.
Hutchinson filed claims against ES and Richmond with the New Hampshire Department of Labor (department), seeking both his unpaid wages and liquidated damages against both ES and Richmond. See RSA 275:44, IV (1999).
As a result of several proceedings, the department ruled that both ES and Richmond were liable for the unpaid wages. After finding that ES knowingly withheld wages despite having the financial ability to pay, the department ruled that ES was also liable for liquidated damages. These rulings were affirmed by the superior court, which also awarded Hutchinson attorney's fees. The superior court denied a cross-appeal by Hutchinson on Richmond's personal liability for liquidated damages. Both ES and Richmond have appealed.
ES argues the superior court erred in upholding the department's findings that: (1) ES had the financial ability to pay Hutchinson's wages for purposes of awarding liquidated damages; and (2) ES acted willfully. Richmond argues that the superior court erred in affirming the department's ruling that he is personally liable for wages owed Hutchinson.
On appeal, we will not overturn an agency decision unless "there is an error of law, or when the order is unjust or unreasonable." Appeal of Young, 146 N.H. 216, 217, 769 A.2d 371 (2001) ; see RSA 541:13 (1997). We will affirm the superior court's factual findings unless they are unsupported by the evidence and we will affirm the superior court's legal rulings unless they are erroneous as a matter of law. Dow v. Town of Effingham, 148 N.H. 121, 124, 803 A.2d 1059 (2002).
We first address ES' argument that the superior court erred when it upheld the department's finding that ES had the financial ability to pay Hutchinson's wages for purposes of awarding liquidated damages.
Under RSA 275:44, IV (1999), "if an employer willfully and without good cause fails to pay an employee wages as required under ... this section, such employer shall be additionally liable to the employee for liquidated damages." We have defined "willfully," in the context of an action for unpaid wages due under employment contracts, "to mean voluntarily, with knowledge of the obligation and despite the financial ability to pay it." Ives v. Manchester Subaru, Inc., 126 N.H. 796, 801, 498 A.2d 297 (1985). We noted that a "willful" act did not include "an accident or an act committed on the basis of a mistake of fact." Id. Thus, no liquidated damages are available when an "employer's refusal to pay wages is based upon bona fide belief that he is not obligated to pay them." Id.
The department found that ES' unsecured interests in assets exceeded the wages owed Hutchinson and thus ES had the financial ability to pay Hutchinson's wages. The superior court affirmed this finding. The record supports the department's findings. When ES ceased operations on December 31, 1999, it possessed in excess of 50,000 "barter dollars" and two computer servers purchased in July 1999 for approximately $13,000. "Barter dollars" allow individuals and businesses to exchange goods and services and are convertible to money. An accounting firm determined the barter dollars, with a minimum exchange rate of $0.40 per barter dollar, had a total value of $20,000. Investors received some of those barter dollars and in January 2000, Richmond directed ES to repay a loan he personally made to ES with 7,400 barter dollars. The computer servers used to run ES' business were no longer needed when ES ceased operations. That the computer servers had value is evidenced by a secured note made against them in May 2000. Given the availability of these assets, the evidence supports the factual findings that ES had the financial ability to pay...
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