Ricks v. Mackey

• Decision Date: 29 November 1993
• Citation: 141 F.3d 1185
• Parties: 98 CJ C.A.R. 1463 NOTICE: Although citation of unpublished opinions remains unfavored, unpublished opinions may now be cited if the opinion has persuasive value on a material issue, and a copy is attached to the citing document or, if cited in oral argument, copies are furnished to the Court and all parties. See General Order of
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit

Page 1185

141 F.3d 1185

98 CJ C.A.R. 1463

NOTICE: Although citation of unpublished opinions remains unfavored, unpublished opinions may now be cited if the opinion has persuasive value on a material issue, and a copy is attached to the citing document or, if cited in oral argument, copies are furnished to the Court and all parties. See General Order of November 29, 1993, suspending 10th Cir. Rule 36.3 until December 31, 1995, or further order.

John Michael RICKS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. (NFN) MACKEY, Lt. Col., Director of Treatment Programs, USDB Ft. Leavenworth, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 97-3181.

United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

March 25, 1998.

Before ANDERSON, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

ORDER AND JUDGMENT ^*

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R.App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. This cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

John M. Ricks, a federal prisoner at the United States Disciplinary Barracks in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, filed a Bivens civil rights action ¹ against the Director of Treatment Programs at the facility, alleging that he was "being subjected to systemic harrassment" [sic] through quarterly interviews under the direction of Defendant and that the actions of treatment personnel constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. R. Vol. I, Tab 2 at 3. In support of this claim, Ricks alleged only that in these interviews, treatment personnel "badgered" him and attempted to "entice [him] into retracting his steadfastly maintained pleas of not guilty from his trial." ² Id.

Ricks simultaneously filed an application to proceed in forma pauperis (IFP), which the district court granted, assessing him an initial partial filing fee of $1.00. R. Vol. I, Tab 6. Ricks eventually paid a full filing fee in two installments of $5.00 and $115.00 respectively. ³ After Ricks had paid the filing fee but before service of summons on Defendant, the district court found that Ricks' complaint failed to state a claim for which relief may be granted and dismissed the matter sua sponte. Ricks filed a timely notice of appeal, and was granted provisional leave to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal.

Ricks alleges on appeal that the district court erred by dismissing his civil rights action sua sponte because when he paid the full filing fee, his "IFP status was effectively abolished and ... the case should have been treated as a non-IFP complaint." Appellant's Br. at 4. He also contends that the district court erred in dismissing his complaint before service of process could be made and without affording him notice of deficiencies and an opportunity to amend his complaint. Id. at 4-5. Finally, Ricks argues that when it applied Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994), the district court applied the wrong standard in determining that his factual assertions failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. Id. at 6-8.

A dismissal for failure to state a claim is subject to de novo review. Kidd v. Taos Ski Valley, Inc., 88 F.3d 848, 854 (10th Cir.1996) (referring to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6)); see McGore v. Wrigglesworth, 114 F.3d 601, 604 (6th Cir.1997) (referring to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) & 1915A).

Although it is unclear whether the district court based its dismissal of Ricks' complaint on Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), or 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the district court properly dismissed Ricks' complaint sua sponte regardless of the basis invoked. See United States v. Sandoval, 29 F.3d 537, 542 n. 6 (10th Cir.1994) (stating that we are free to affirm a district court decision on any grounds supported by the record).

Ricks' arguments regarding his fee status, the lack of service of process, and the lack of opportunity to amend his complaint are unpersuasive. Section 1915(e)(2) specifically mandates that if a case is frivolous, fails to state a claim, or is pursued against an immune party, the court shall dismiss it "[n]otwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may have been paid." Also, § 1915A requires the court to review, "before docketing, if feasible or ... as soon as practicable after docketing," all complaints "in which a prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity." See also McGore, 114 F.3d at 604-05, 612 (stating that sua sponte screening pursuant to § 1915(e)(2) or § 1915A must occur "before service of process is made on the opposing parties" and that "courts have no discretion in permitting a plaintiff to amend a complaint to avoid a sua sponte dismissal"). And under Rule 12(b)(6), a district court may always dismiss a claim sua sponte where, as here, "it is patently obvious that the plaintiff could not prevail on the facts alleged, and allowing him an opportunity to amend his complaint would be futile." McKinney v. Oklahoma Dept. of Human Servs., 925 F.2d 363, 365 (10th Cir.1991) (quotations and citations omitted).

Finally, the district court appropriately applied Farmer v. Brennan in analyzing Ricks' Eighth Amendment claim. See R. Vol. I, Tab 10 at 2. In Farmer, 511 U.S. 825, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994), the Supreme Court addressed a prisoner's Bivens claim based on the Eighth Amendment and held that to succeed on an Eighth Amendment claim, a plaintiff must show first, that the alleged deprivation was sufficiently serious, denying " 'the minimal civilized measure of life's necessities,' " id. at 834, and second, that the responsible official acted with "deliberate indifference" to inmate health or safety. Id.; see also Hunt v. Downing, 112 F.3d 452, 453 (10th Cir.1997); Grimsley v. MacKay, 93 F.3d 676, 680-81 (10th Cir.1996); Adkins v. Rodriguez, 59 F.3d 1034, 1037 (10th Cir.1995).

We agree with the district court that the Farmer standard was not satisfied. ⁴ Furthermore, Ricks does not state what facts he would allege to further support his claims had the district court allowed him the opportunity to amend his complaint, and the factual allegations he does make are vague and conclusory. See Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir.1991) (holding that a pro se litigant must allege sufficient facts to support claims). Accepting "all the well-pleaded allegations...