Ricks v. Wade

• Decision Date: 14 August 1939
• Docket Number: 6011
• Citation: 97 Utah 402,93 P.2d 479
• Court: Utah Supreme Court
• Parties: RICKS v. WADE, Judge, et al

93 P.2d 479

97 Utah 402

RICKS v. WADE, Judge, et al

No. 6011

Supreme Court of Utah

August 14, 1939

Original prohibition proceeding by Leon C. Ricks against the Honorable Lester A. Wade, as judge of the district court of the second judicial district in and for the county of Weber state of Utah, and another, to prohibit the court from proceeding in a suit by Beulah T. Ricks against Leon C Ricks.

ALTERNATIVE WRIT QUASHED.

Arthur Woolley, of Ogden, for plaintiff.

D. J. Wilson, of Ogden, for defendants.

MOFFAT, Chief Justice. LARSON, McDONOUGH, and PRATT, JJ., concur. WOLFE, Justice, concurring in the result.

OPINION

MOFFAT, Chief Justice.

On the 21st day of April, 1938, an alternative writ of prohibition was issued out of this court upon the application of the plaintiff, Leon C. Ricks. On the 5th day of May, 1938, transcript of the record of cases No. 15213 and 15941 from the clerk of Weber County, Utah, were filed in this court. Only case 15213 is involved herein. A demurrer to the petition and an answer to the alternative writ were filed at the same time, all of which constitute the return and present the issues of the cause. No further action was taken until the court advised the parties the cause would be dismissed for want of prosecution. Final briefs were filed May 27, 1939, and the cause was argued and submitted.

The record discloses that on the 6th day of July, 1936, a complaint was filed in the District Court of the Second Judicial District of the State of Utah in and for Weber County, Utah, by Beulah T. Ricks, as plaintiff, against Leon C. Ricks, as defendant, for divorce alimony and custody of her minor child. The defendant Leon C. Ricks was at the time a resident of the State of Wyoming. On July 10, 1936, a summons, with a copy of the complaint attached, was personally served upon him at Cheyenne, Wyoming. At that time the defendant Leon C. Ricks did not appear in the action. On August 29, 1936, a judgment on default was entered. The judgment was for divorce and custody of the minor child.

Subsequently and by a separate suit, case No. 15941, District Court of Weber County, Utah, Beulah T. Ricks sought to recover support money for the minor child from Leon C. Ricks. Thereupon Leon C. Ricks appeared in the original action claiming the appearance to be special, objecting to the jurisdiction of the court and applied to the court to quash the summons upon the grounds that no affidavit had been filed with the court or the clerk as to non-residence of defendant as provided by statute for service of summons by publication; and no order was obtained from the court or clerk to serve him personally out of state.

The motion was denied by Honorable Lester A. Wade, one of the Judges of the Second District Court. Thereupon the plaintiff Leon C. Ricks, in this proceeding, sought and was granted an alternative writ of prohibition seeking to prohibit the court from proceeding in case No. 15213.

Counsel have argued and cited cases relating to the construction of the statutes of Utah providing for constructive service of defendants out of the state, actions in rem, corporate defendants, etc., and the provisions of the statutes relating thereto.

We proceed to examine the question as submitted by plaintiff, viz.: The interpretation of sections 104-5-12 and 104-5-13, Revised Statutes of Utah, 1933, being the statute applicable to service of summons on out of state defendants. Plaintiff argues the necessity of filing an affidavit and getting an order of the court before one may proceed to serve personally out of state defendants. We cannot agree with plaintiff's contention in this regard. Section 104-5-12 reads:

"Where the person upon whom service is to be made resides outside of the state, or has departed from the state, or cannot after due diligence be found within the state, or conceals himself to avoid the service of summons; or where the defendant is a corporation having no officer or other agent upon whom summons can be served within this state, or where in an action in rem some or all of the defendants are unknown, and any of such facts appear by affidavit of the plaintiff or his agent to the satisfaction of the court or a judge thereof, or of the clerk, and where it also appears by such affidavit or by the verified complaint on file that a cause of action exists against the defendant in respect to whom the service is to be made or that he is a necessary or proper party to the action, the court or judge, or the clerk may make an order that the service of summons be made by publication. The summons as published shall contain a description of the subject matter or res involved in the action."

It needs no comment to establish the meaning of Section 104-5-12, supra. It refers to the procedure where it is necessary to acquire jurisdiction by publication. It is also clear that the following part of Section 104-5-13 relates to the service by publication and not to personal service out of the state:

"The order must direct the publication to be made five times, once in each week for five successive weeks in a newspaper having general circulation, published in the county in which the action is brought, or if no newspaper is published in such county, then in a newspaper having general circulation in such county. In case of publication where the residence of a nonresident or absent defendant is known, the clerk must forthwith deposit a copy of the summons and complaint in the post office, postage prepaid, directed to the person to be served at his place of residence. The service of the summons is complete on the thirtieth day after the first publication."

Had the foregoing part of Section 104-5-13 been included in and made a part of Section 104-5-12, to which it properly belongs and of which it should be a part, on the basis of subject matter then the following part of Section 104-5-13, separately read as it must be, renders the situation sufficiently clear as to make the chance of controversy or misinterpretation negligible. So separated:

"Personal service of a copy of the summons and complaint outside of the state is equivalent to publication and a deposit in the post office and shall be complete on the tenth day after such service."

Either method of service, by publication or personal service out of the state, vests no authority in the court to enter personal judgments. There are two methods of obtaining service on non-resident defendants, where the issues affect a res or a legal status, viz.: By publication of summons or by personal service out of the state. Proof of such service is provided by statute. That personal service of a summons together with a copy of a complaint is more certain to give notice to a non-resident defendant than publication is recognized by the statute.

It requires, to make a published summons complete, the arrival of the "thirtieth day after the first publication" while personal service out of ...