Riggs v. Opelousas General Hosp. Trust

• Decision Date: 05 November 2008
• Docket Number: No. 08-591.,08-591.
• Citation: 997 So.2d 814
• Parties: Cora RIGGS v. OPELOUSAS GENERAL HOSPITAL TRUST AUTHORITY, et al.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

997 So.2d 814

Cora RIGGS v. OPELOUSAS GENERAL HOSPITAL TRUST AUTHORITY, et al.

No. 08-591.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

November 5, 2008.

Charles V. Taylor, Charles V. Taylor and Associates, Baton Rouge, LA, Johnnie L. Matthews, Matthews and Matthews, Baton Rouge, LA, for Plaintiff/Appellant, Cora Riggs.

John K. Nieset, Kevin R. Tully, P. Ryan Plummer, Christovich & Kearney, New Orleans, LA, for Defendant/Appellee, Otis Elevator Company.

Myron A. Walker, Jr., William H. Burris, Seale, Smith, Zuber & Barnette, Baton Rouge, LA, for Defendant/Appellee, Opelousas General Hospital Trust Authority.

Court composed of JIMMIE C. PETERS, ELIZABETH A. PICKETT, and J. DAVID PAINTER, Judges.

PICKETT, J.

The plaintiff, Cora Riggs, appeals a judgment of the trial court dismissing her suit for personal injuries via a motion for summary judgment filed by the defendant, Opelousas General Hospital Trust Authority (the Hospital). That judgment was signed January 7, 2008, and mailed January 14, 2008. A second defendant, the Otis Elevator Company (Otis), also filed a motion for summary judgment which was granted by the trial court on January 4, 2008; it was also mailed on January 14, 2008. In her motion for devolutive appeal, the plaintiff stated that she wished to appeal "[a] judgment . . . signed on January 7, 2008 and mailed to all counsel on January 14, 2008." The order granting the plaintiff an appeal, which is attached to her motion for appeal, states that she "is granted a devolutive appeal from the Judgment signed in the above captioned matter on January 14, 2008." Since no judgment in this matter was signed on January 14, 2008, we looked to the motion for appeal for clarification. Insomuch as the only judgment referenced in the motion for appeal was the judgment signed January 7, 2008, we find that judgment, which dismisses the Hospital, is the only one properly before us on appeal. The judgment dismissing Otis was never properly appealed and thus, is not before us.

We affirm the judgment of the trial court signed January 7, 2008, dismissing the Hospital via its motion for summary judgment.

FACTS

One January 14, 2003, the plaintiff, Cora Riggs, claims to have sustained injuries to her right shoulder when the elevator doors on the number six elevator at the Hospital allegedly closed on her as she entered the elevator. At the time of the accident Otis Elevator Company had a contract with the Hospital whereby it provided maintenance and repair to the Hospital's elevators.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

In Bridges v. City of Carenco, 07-1593 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/30/08), 982 So.2d 306, this court stated as follows:

The law applicable to summary judgments and to the appellate review thereof is well settled:

The summary judgment procedure is designed to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action, except those disallowed by law; the procedure is favored and must be construed to accomplish these ends. La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(2); Yarbrough v. Federal Land Bank of Jackson, 31,815 (La.App.2d Cir. 03/31/99), 731 So.2d 482. The motion should be granted only if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with affidavits, show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C.C.P. art. 966(B); Leckie v. Auger Timber Co., 30,103 (La.App.2d Cir. 01/21/98), 707 So.2d 459. The burden of proof remains with the mover. However, if the party moving for summary judgment will not bear the burden of proof at trial on the matter that is before the court on the motion for summary judgment, then that party need not negate all essential elements of the adverse party's claim, action, or defense but may simply point out to the court that there is an absence of factual support for one or more elements essential to the adverse party's claim, action, or defense; thereafter, if the adverse party fails to produce factual support sufficient to establish that it will be able to satisfy the evidentiary burden of proof at trial, there is no genuine issue of material fact. See, La. C.C.P. art. 966(C)(2). When a motion is made and supported, as required by La. C.C.P. art. 966, an adverse party may not rest on the mere allegations or denials of his pleadings, but his response must set forth specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial. Otherwise, summary judgment, if appropriate, shall be rendered against him. La. C.C.P. art. 967.

Appellate courts review summary judgments de novo under the same criteria that govern a district court's consideration of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Kennedy v. Holder, 33,346 (La.App.2d Cir. 05/10/00), 760 So.2d 587.

Semien v. EADS Aeroframe Servs., LLC, 04-760, pp. 1-2 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/2/05), 893 So.2d 215, 216-17 (quoting Sidwell v. Horseshoe Entm't Ltd. P'ship, 35,718, pp. 2-4 (La.App. 2 Cir. 2/27/02), 811 So.2d 229, 230-31) (first emphasis added).

Olson v. Rapides Parish Sheriff, 07-57, pp. 2-3(La.App. 3 Cir. 5/2/07), 957 So.2d 282, 284.

Bridges, 982 So.2d at 307-08 (second emphasis ours).

In the case sub judice, the plaintiff theories of liability are based upon La.Civ. Code arts. 2317.1 and 2322. Louisiana Civil Code Article 2317.1 states:

The owner or custodian of a thing is answerable for damage occasioned by its ruin, vice, or defect, only upon a showing that he knew or, in the exercise of reasonable care, should have known of the ruin, vice, or defect which caused the damage, that the damage could have been prevented by the exercise of reasonable care, and that he failed to exercise such reasonable care. Nothing in this Article shall preclude the court from the application of the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur in an appropriate case.

And Louisiana Civil Code Article 2322 states:

The owner of a building is answerable for the damage occasioned by its ruin, when this is caused by neglect to repair it, or when it is the result of a vice or defect in its original construction. However, he is answerable for damages only upon a showing that he knew or, in the exercise of reasonable care, should have known of the vice or defect which caused the damage, that the damage could have been prevented by the exercise of reasonable care, and that he failed to exercise such reasonable care. Nothing in this Article shall preclude the court from the application of the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur in an appropriate case.

The addition of the language to article 2317.1 that an owner is liable for damage "only upon a showing that he knew or, in the exercise of reasonable care, should have known of the ruin, vice, or defect" has effectively turned it from a claim based upon strict liability to a claim grounded in negligence. See Monson v. Travelers Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 06-921 (La.App.5 Cir. 4/24/07), 955 So.2d 758; Leonard v. Parish of Jefferson, 05-32 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/26/05), 902 So.2d 502; and Bourquard V. Winn Dixie La. Inc., 04-1150 (La.App. 5 Cir. 3/1/05), 900 So.2d 131.

Accordingly, to prevail in her claim, the plaintiff had to prove the following: (1) that the thing which caused the damage was in the defendant's custody or control, (2) that it had a vice or defect that presented an unreasonable risk of harm, (3) that the defendant knew or should have known of the vice or defect, (4) that the damage could have been prevented by the exercise of reasonable care, and (5) that the defendant failed to exercise such reasonable care. If the plaintiff fails to provide proof any one of these elements, his/her claim fails.

In our de novo review of...