Rodgers v. Food Lion, Inc.
| Decision Date | 05 April 2000 |
| Docket Number | No. 32,856-CW.,32,856-CW. |
| Citation | 756 So.2d 624 |
| Parties | Bettye RODGERS, Respondent, v. FOOD LION, INC. and Alexsis Risk Management Service, Applicant. |
| Court | Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US |
J. Spencer Hayes, Counsel for Respondent.
Lunn, Irion, Johnson, Salley & Carlisle by J. Martin Lattier, Shreveport, Counsel for Applicant.
Before BROWN, WILLIAMS, and GASKINS, JJ.
This slip and fall case is before this court for argument and decision following remand by the Louisiana Supreme Court. The defendant store, Food Lion, filed a motion for summary judgment in the trial court, arguing that the plaintiff had offered no proof that the substance upon which she slipped had been on the floor long enough for the store to have constructive notice of it. The trial court denied the motion for summary judgment and this court denied Food Lion's writ application on the showing made, finding that the trial court decision was correct. Food Lion's writ application to the supreme court was granted with instructions to docket for briefing, argument, and opinion. For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court judgment.
On August 2, 1993, at approximately 8:30 p.m., the plaintiff entered a Food Lion store in Bossier City. While pushing her cart near the dairy case, she slipped on a "clear to opaque" substance on the floor. The substance was thought to be wine and was located near a display upon which the bottles were displayed horizontally. The plaintiff claimed she injured her knee and back, requiring surgeries to correct her injuries. The plaintiff filed suit on August 1, 1994, against Food Lion and its insurer, subsequently determined to be National Union Fire Insurance.
On October 9, 1998, Food Lion and National Union filed a motion for summary judgment. The defendants contended that under La. R.S. 9:2800.6, regulating the duty of merchants in injury cases, the plaintiff must present positive evidence that the store owner or employees had actual or constructive notice of the condition in the store which caused the injury. The defendants argued that the plaintiff was required to show that the condition persisted for some period of time so that it should have been discovered. According to the defendants, the plaintiff produced no evidence that would substantiate or create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the alleged injury-producing condition existed long enough that it should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable care. Excerpts of the plaintiffs deposition were introduced stating that she thought she slipped in a puddle of wine that had leaked from a bottle on the display rack. She did not observe any of the bottles to be broken. Further, the plaintiff's affidavit in opposition to the motion for summary judgment specifies that the puddle of wine was three feet in diameter. Guy Fleming, the store manager, stated in his deposition that he did not know the last time the employees examined or cleaned the floor in the area. On the accident report, the puddle is described as eight inches in diameter.
On June 16, 1999, the trial court denied the motion for summary judgment, finding that, even though there was "no specific, detailed proof' that the wine had been on the floor "for a long period of time," because there were no broken bottles, the circumstances were such that a reasonable trier of fact could conclude that one of the bottles was leaking and the wine had been on the floor for a long time. The court also noted that there was no indication of what inspection procedures the store had in place. Therefore, the trier of fact could conclude that the store had actual or constructive notice of the puddle and accordingly, summary judgment was denied.
Food Lion applied to this court for supervisory writs. On July 22, 1999, we denied the writ application on the showing made, finding that the trial court decision was correct. Food Lion then made a writ application to the supreme court. On November 19, 1999, the supreme court granted the writ and remanded the matter to this court for briefing, argument and opinion.
In its brief, Food Lion contends that the plaintiff was required to present evidence showing how long the wine had been on the floor in order to show actual or constructive knowledge on the part of the store. According to Food Lion, the plaintiff did not know how long the liquid was on the floor and there was no indication that the store employees noticed the substance. In its brief, the store presents a collection of cases applying La. R.S. 9:2800.6, and holding that a plaintiff in slip and fall case must come forward with positive proof that the condition producing the injury existed for a sufficient time to place the merchant on notice. The defendant argues that because the plaintiff possesses no evidence to prove that Food Lion store employees possessed actual or constructive notice of the alleged injury-producing substance prior to the occurrence of the alleged incident, summary judgment should be granted.
The plaintiff argues that sufficient direct and circumstantial evidence has been shown to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to constructive notice.
The legal principles regarding summary judgment are well settled. A motion for summary judgment is not to be used as a substitute for trial on the merits. Rapp v. City of New Orleans, 95-1638 (La.App. 4th Cir.9/18/96), 681 So.2d 433, writ denied, 96-2925 (La.1/24/97), 686 So.2d 868; Slaid v. Evergreen Indemity, Ltd., 32,363 (La. App.2d Cir.10/27/99), 745 So.2d 793. A motion for summary judgment is properly granted only if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to a material fact, and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C.C.P. art. 966; Mixon v. Progressive Specialty Co., 29,698 (La.App.2d Cir.6/18/97), 697 So.2d 662. If the court finds that a genuine issue of material fact indeed exists, summary judgment must be denied. Slaid v. Evergreen Indemnity, Ltd., supra.
The burden is on the party seeking summary judgment to establish that there is an absence of factual support for one or more of the essential elements of the adverse party's claims. If the nonmoving party then fails to produce factual support sufficient to establish that it will be able to satisfy its evidentiary burden at trial, there is no genuine issue of material fact. La. C.C.P. art. 966; Berzas v. OXY USA, Inc., 29,835 (La.App.2d Cir.09/24/97), 699 So.2d 1149; Slaid v. Evergreen Indemnity, Ltd., supra.
Further, La. C.C.P. art. 967 provides that when a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as provided above, the party opposing summary judgment cannot rest on the mere allegations or denials of his pleadings, but must present specific facts showing that material facts are still at issue. La. C.C.P. art. 967. Even though the burden of proof remains the same under the recent amendment to La. C.C.P. art. 966, summary judgment procedure is now favored to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of all except certain disallowed actions. Acts 1996, 1st Ex.Sess., No. 9. We review summary judgments de novo under the same criteria that govern the district court's consideration of the appropriateness of summary judgment. Magnon v. Collins, 98-2822 (La.7/7/99), 739 So.2d 191. Slaid v. Evergreen Indemnity, Ltd., supra.
La. R.S. 9:2800.6 governs a negligence action against a merchant for damages resulting from injuries sustained in a slip and fall accident. The statute, as revised in 1990 and applicable to the present case, provides:
A. A merchant owes a duty to persons who use his premises to exercise reasonable care to keep his aisles, passageways, and floors in a reasonably safe condition. This duty includes a reasonable effort to keep the premises free of any hazardous conditions which reasonably might give rise to damage.
B. In a negligence claim brought against a merchant by a person lawfully on the merchant's premises for damages as a result of an injury, death, or loss sustained because of a fall due to a condition existing in or on a merchant's premises, the claimant shall have the burden of proving, and in addition to all other elements of his cause of action, that:
(1) The condition presented an unreasonable risk of harm to the claimant and that risk of harm was reasonably foreseeable;
(2) The merchant either created or had actual or constructive notice of the...
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...evidence in providing a compelling demonstration of the existence or nonexistence of a fact at issue. Rodgers v. Food Lion, Inc., 32,856 (La. App. 2 Cir. 4/5/00), 756 So.2d 624, 628; writ denied, 00-1268 (La.6/16/00), 765 So.2d 339; Crawford v. Ryan's Family Steak Houses, Inc., 31,911 (La.A......
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